γυμνός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From *gʷomnós by Cowgill's Law (o → u between labial and resonant), from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷmós by metathesis (possible taboo deformation), from *nogʷós; see there for the cognates.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡym.nós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡymˈnos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈnos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈnos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ʝimˈnos/
Adjective
γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension
- naked, nude, unclad
- unarmed, without armor, defenseless
- bare, uncovered
- stripped, destitute
- lightly clad
- mere
Inflection
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | γυμνός gumnós |
γυμνή gumnḗ |
γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνοί gumnoí |
γυμναί gumnaí |
γυμνᾰ́ gumná | |||||
Genitive | γυμνοῦ gumnoû |
γυμνῆς gumnês |
γυμνοῦ gumnoû |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμναῖν gumnaîn |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμνῶν gumnôn |
γυμνῶν gumnôn |
γυμνῶν gumnôn | |||||
Dative | γυμνῷ gumnôi |
γυμνῇ gumnêi |
γυμνῷ gumnôi |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμναῖν gumnaîn |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμνοῖς gumnoîs |
γυμναῖς gumnaîs |
γυμνοῖς gumnoîs | |||||
Accusative | γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνήν gumnḗn |
γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνούς gumnoús |
γυμνᾱ́ς gumnā́s |
γυμνᾰ́ gumná | |||||
Vocative | γυμνέ gumné |
γυμνή gumnḗ |
γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνοί gumnoí |
γυμναί gumnaí |
γυμνᾰ́ gumná | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
γυμνῶς gumnôs |
γυμνότερος gumnóteros |
γυμνότᾰτος gumnótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | γυμνός gumnós |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνοί gumnoí |
γυμναί gumnaí |
γυμνᾰ́ gumná | |||||
Genitive | γυμνοῖο gumnoîo |
γυμνᾶς gumnâs |
γυμνοῖο gumnoîo |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμναῖν gumnaîn |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμνῶν gumnôn |
γυμνᾶν gumnân |
γυμνῶν gumnôn | |||||
Dative | γυμνῷ gumnôi |
γυμνᾷ gumnâi |
γυμνῷ gumnôi |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμναῖν gumnaîn |
γυμνοῖν gumnoîn |
γυμνοῖς gumnoîs |
γυμναῖς gumnaîs |
γυμνοῖς gumnoîs | |||||
Accusative | γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνᾱ́ν gumnā́n |
γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνούς gumnoús |
γυμνᾱ́ς gumnā́s |
γυμνᾰ́ gumná | |||||
Vocative | γυμνέ gumné |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνόν gumnón |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνᾱ́ gumnā́ |
γυμνώ gumnṓ |
γυμνοί gumnoí |
γυμναί gumnaí |
γυμνᾰ́ gumná | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
γυμνῶς gumnôs |
γυμνότερος gumnóteros |
γυμνότᾰτος gumnótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- γυμνάς (gumnás)
- γυμνάζω (gumnázō)
- γύμνασμα (gúmnasma)
- γυμναστέος (gumnastéos)
- γυμναστής (gumnastḗs)
- γυμναστήριον (gumnastḗrion)
- γυμναστικός (gumnastikós)
- γυμνάζω (gumnázō)
- γύμνασις (gúmnasis)
Descendants
- Greek: γυμνός (gymnós)
Further reading
- “γυμνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γυμνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “γυμνός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γυμνός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- γυμνός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- γυμνός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “γυμνός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1131 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bare idem, page 62.
- blank idem, page 81.
- defenceless idem, page 204.
- denude idem, page 211.
- exposed idem, page 295.
- naked idem, page 550.
- nude idem, page 562.
- open idem, page 574.
- unarmed idem, page 907.
- unclothed idem, page 909.
- uncovered idem, page 911.
- undressed idem, page 915.
- unguarded idem, page 920.
- unprotected idem, page 928.
- unrobed idem, page 930.
- vulnerable idem, page 958.
- American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Ed. Calvert Watkins. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
- Huld, Martin E. “Magic, Metathesis and Nudity in Indo-European Thought.” Ancient Languages and Philology. Vol 1 of Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel. Eds. Dorothy Disterheft et al. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph 20. Gen. eds. A. Richard Diebold and Edgar C. Polomé. Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, 1997. 75-92.
Greek
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós), ultimately from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.
Pronunciation
Adjective
γυμνός • (gymnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνό)
- naked, unsheathed, bare.
Declension
Declension of γυμνός
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | γυμνός • | γυμνή • | γυμνό • | γυμνοί • | γυμνές • | γυμνά • |
genitive | γυμνού • | γυμνής • | γυμνού • | γυμνών • | γυμνών • | γυμνών • |
accusative | γυμνό • | γυμνή • | γυμνό • | γυμνούς • | γυμνές • | γυμνά • |
vocative | γυμνέ • | γυμνή • | γυμνό • | γυμνοί • | γυμνές • | γυμνά • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο γυμνός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο γυμνός, etc.) |
Degrees of comparison by suffixation
comparative | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | γυμνότερος • | γυμνότερη • | γυμνότερο • | γυμνότεροι • | γυμνότερες • | γυμνότερα • |
genitive | γυμνότερου • | γυμνότερης • | γυμνότερου • | γυμνότερων • | γυμνότερων • | γυμνότερων • |
accusative | γυμνότερο • | γυμνότερη • | γυμνότερο • | γυμνότερους • | γυμνότερες • | γυμνότερα • |
vocative | γυμνότερε • | γυμνότερη • | γυμνότερο • | γυμνότεροι • | γυμνότερες • | γυμνότερα • |
derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο γυμνότερος", etc) | |||||
Absolute superlative | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | γυμνότατος • | γυμνότατη • | γυμνότατο • | γυμνότατοι • | γυμνότατες • | γυμνότατα • |
genitive | γυμνότατου • | γυμνότατης • | γυμνότατου • | γυμνότατων • | γυμνότατων • | γυμνότατων • |
accusative | γυμνότατο • | γυμνότατη • | γυμνότατο • | γυμνότατους • | γυμνότατες • | γυμνότατα • |
vocative | γυμνότατε • | γυμνότατη • | γυμνότατο • | γυμνότατοι • | γυμνότατες • | γυμνότατα • |
Derived terms
Related terms
- see: γυμνάζω (gymnázo, “to train, to exercise”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ός-ή-ό