λάβρος
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Ancient Greek[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- λαῦρος (laûros)
Etymology[edit]
Unknown. Possibly dissimilated from *rabʰros, from Proto-Indo-European *rabʰ- (“to rage, to be furious, to anger”) (whence also Latin rabiō, rabiēs and Sanskrit रभस् (rabhas)).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lá.bros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈla.bros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈla.βros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lǎː.bros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈla.bros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈla.βros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
Adjective[edit]
λᾱ́βρος • (lā́bros) m or f (neuter λᾱ́βρον); second declension (Homeric)
λᾰ́βρος • (lábros) m or f (neuter λᾰ́βρον); second declension (Post-Homeric)
λᾰ́βρος • (lábros) m (feminine λᾰ́βρᾱ, neuter λᾰ́βρον); first/second declension (Post-Homeric, rare)
- (Homeric, of wind and water) furious, boisterous
- (Homeric, of the Hellespont personified) huge, mighty
- (Post-Homeric, of men) boisterous, turbulent
- (Post-Homeric, of men, of speech) hasty
- (Post-Homeric, of men) fierce, violent, impetuous
Usage notes[edit]
- The initial alpha is long by position in Epic Greek but short in later texts. Although Homer does not use λάβρος to describe people or their speech, he has the related words λαβραγόρης and λαβρεύομαι used in those ways.
Declension[edit]
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | λᾱ́βρος lā́bros |
λᾱ́βρον lā́bron |
λᾱ́βρω lā́brō |
λᾱ́βρω lā́brō |
λᾱ́βροι lā́broi |
λᾱ́βρᾰ lā́bra | ||||||||
Genitive | λᾱ́βρου / λᾱβροῖο / λᾱ́βροιο / λᾱβρόο / λᾱ́βροο lā́brou / lābroîo / lā́broio / lābróo / lā́broo |
λᾱ́βρου / λᾱβροῖο / λᾱ́βροιο / λᾱβρόο / λᾱ́βροο lā́brou / lābroîo / lā́broio / lābróo / lā́broo |
λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin |
λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin |
λᾱ́βρων lā́brōn |
λᾱ́βρων lā́brōn | ||||||||
Dative | λᾱ́βρῳ lā́brōi |
λᾱ́βρῳ lā́brōi |
λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin |
λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin |
λᾱ́βροισῐ / λᾱ́βροισῐν / λᾱ́βροις lā́broisi(n) / lā́brois |
λᾱ́βροισῐ / λᾱ́βροισῐν / λᾱ́βροις lā́broisi(n) / lā́brois | ||||||||
Accusative | λᾱ́βρον lā́bron |
λᾱ́βρον lā́bron |
λᾱ́βρω lā́brō |
λᾱ́βρω lā́brō |
λᾱ́βρους lā́brous |
λᾱ́βρᾰ lā́bra | ||||||||
Vocative | λᾱ́βρε lā́bre |
λᾱ́βρον lā́bron |
λᾱ́βρω lā́brō |
λᾱ́βρω lā́brō |
λᾱ́βροι lā́broi |
λᾱ́βρᾰ lā́bra | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
λᾱ́βρως lā́brōs |
λᾱβρότερος lābróteros |
λᾱβρότᾰτος lābrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | λᾰ́βρος lábros |
λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βροι lábroi |
λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | ||||||||
Genitive | λᾰ́βρου lábrou |
λᾰ́βρου lábrou |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βρων lábrōn |
λᾰ́βρων lábrōn | ||||||||
Dative | λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi |
λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βροις lábrois |
λᾰ́βροις lábrois | ||||||||
Accusative | λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρους lábrous |
λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | ||||||||
Vocative | λᾰ́βρε lábre |
λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βροι lábroi |
λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
λᾰ́βρως lábrōs |
λᾰβρότερος labróteros |
λᾰβρότᾰτος labrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | λᾰ́βρος lábros |
λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā |
λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βροι lábroi |
λᾰ́βραι lábrai |
λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | |||||
Genitive | λᾰ́βρου lábrou |
λᾰ́βρᾱς lábrās |
λᾰ́βρου lábrou |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βραιν lábrain |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βρων lábrōn |
λᾰ́βρων lábrōn |
λᾰ́βρων lábrōn | |||||
Dative | λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi |
λᾰ́βρᾳ lábrāi |
λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βραιν lábrain |
λᾰ́βροιν lábroin |
λᾰ́βροις lábrois |
λᾰ́βραις lábrais |
λᾰ́βροις lábrois | |||||
Accusative | λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρᾱν lábrān |
λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρους lábrous |
λᾰ́βρᾱς lábrās |
λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | |||||
Vocative | λᾰ́βρε lábre |
λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā |
λᾰ́βρον lábron |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā |
λᾰ́βρω lábrō |
λᾰ́βροι lábroi |
λᾰ́βραι lábrai |
λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
λᾰ́βρως lábrōs |
λᾰβρότερος labróteros |
λᾰβρότᾰτος labrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms[edit]
- λαβραγορέω (labragoréō)
- λαβραγόρης (labragórēs)
- λαβράζω (labrázō)
- λαβράκιον (labrákion)
- λαβράκτης (labráktēs)
- λαβράνιος (labránios)
- λάβραξ (lábrax)
- λαβρεία (labreía)
- λαβρεύομαι (labreúomai)
- λαβρηγορέω (labrēgoréō)
- λαβροβόρος (labrobóros)
- λαβρόνιον (labrónion)
- λαβρόομαι (labróomai)
- λαβροπόδης (labropódēs)
- λαβροποσία (labroposía)
- λαβροποτέω (labropotéō)
- λαβροσιάων (labrosiáōn)
- λαβροστομέω (labrostoméō)
- λαβροστομία (labrostomía)
- λαβροσύνη (labrosúnē)
- λαβρόσυτος (labrósutos)
- λαβρότης (labrótēs)
- λαβροφαγέω (labrophagéō)
- λαβρύσσει (labrússei)
References[edit]
- “λάβρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “λάβρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “λάβρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- λάβρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- λάβρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “λάβρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter