λόχος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

O-grade verbal noun from λέχομαι (lékhomai, “to lie”). Cognate with Albanian lagje.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ló.kʰos/ → /ˈlo.xos/ → /ˈlo.xos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ló.kʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.kʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.xos/
• (10^th CE Medieval) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.xos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.xos/

Noun

λόχος • (lókhos) m (genitive λόχου); second declension

1. ambush
2. the place of an ambush: ambuscade
3. a body of men for ambush, armed band
   1. a company of troops
      • 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 108:Greek, English

        κινούμενον γὰρ τυγχάνει Πελασγικὸν στράτευμα, χωρίζουσι δ’ ἀλλήλων λόχους.

        kinoúmenon gàr tunkhánei Pelasgikòn stráteuma, khōrízousi d’ allḗlōn lókhous.

        • Translation by Arthur Sanders Way

          For yon Pelasgian host is moving now.
          Battalion from battalion sundering.

          (literally, “from another”)

4. childbirth
5. a file in the phalanx

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ λόχος; τοῦ λόχου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λόχος ho lókhos	τὼ λόχω tṑ lókhō	οἱ λόχοι hoi lókhoi
Genitive	τοῦ λόχου toû lókhou	τοῖν λόχοιν toîn lókhoin	τῶν λόχων tôn lókhōn
Dative	τῷ λόχῳ tōî lókhōi	τοῖν λόχοιν toîn lókhoin	τοῖς λόχοις toîs lókhois
Accusative	τὸν λόχον tòn lókhon	τὼ λόχω tṑ lókhō	τοὺς λόχους toùs lókhous
Vocative	λόχε lókhe	λόχω lókhō	λόχοι lókhoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Ἀμφίλοχος (Amphílokhos)
• Ἀντῐ́λοχος (Antĭ́lokhos)
• Ἀρχίλοχος (Arkhílokhos)
• βωμολόχος (bōmolókhos)
• δῐλοχίᾱ (dĭlokhíā)
• δῐλοχῑ́της (dĭlokhī́tēs)
• Ἱππόλοχος (Hippólokhos)
• λοχάω (lokháō)
• λοχείος (lokheíos)

Related terms

• λέκτρον (léktron)
• λέχομαι (lékhomai)
• λέχος (lékhos)

Descendants

• → English: lochos
• → Latin: lochus
  • → English: lochus
  • French: loque m
  • Italian: loco
  • Portuguese: loco
• → Latin: lochia (< λοχεία (lokheía, n.pl.))
  • → English: lochia

Further reading

• “λόχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “λόχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “λόχος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “λόχος” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• λόχος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “λόχος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • ambush idem, page 27.
  • band idem, page 60.
  • battalion idem, page 65.
  • brigade idem, page 98.
  • choir idem, page 131.
  • company idem, page 150.
  • corps idem, page 174.
  • detachment idem, page 218.
  • division idem, page 244.
  • regiment idem, page 687.
  • snare idem, page 788.
  • trap idem, page 890.
  • troop idem, page 896.