πρόθυμος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

προ- (pro-) +‎ θῡμός (thūmós, “spirit”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pró.tʰyː.mos/ → /ˈpro.θy.mos/ → /ˈpro.θi.mos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pró.tʰyː.mos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.tʰy.mos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.θy.mos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.θy.mos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.θi.mos/

Adjective

πρόθῡμος • (próthūmos) m or f (neuter πρόθῡμον); second declension

1. eager, willing

Usage notes

The thing for which someone is eager is expressed in the genitive case or with a preposition such as εἰς (eis), ἐπί (epí), or πρός (prós):

• 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 3:

  ὧν πρόθυμος ἦσθ᾽ ἀεί

  hôn próthumos êsth᾽ aeí

  for which you are always eager

• 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 208–209:

  ὡς ἐὰν γένῃ
  ἀνὴρ πρόθυμος αὐτὸς ἐς τὰ πράγματα […]

  hōs eàn génēi
  anḕr próthumos autòs es tà prágmata […]

  because if you yourself become a man eager about these matters […]

Declension

Second declension of πρόθῡμος; πρόθῡμον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πρόθῡμος próthūmos	πρόθῡμον próthūmon		προθῡ́μω prothū́mō	προθῡ́μω prothū́mō		πρόθῡμοι próthūmoi	πρόθῡμᾰ próthūma
Genitive		προθῡ́μου prothū́mou	προθῡ́μου prothū́mou		προθῡ́μοιν prothū́moin	προθῡ́μοιν prothū́moin		προθῡ́μων prothū́mōn	προθῡ́μων prothū́mōn
Dative		προθῡ́μῳ prothū́mōi	προθῡ́μῳ prothū́mōi		προθῡ́μοιν prothū́moin	προθῡ́μοιν prothū́moin		προθῡ́μοις prothū́mois	προθῡ́μοις prothū́mois
Accusative		πρόθῡμον próthūmon	πρόθῡμον próthūmon		προθῡ́μω prothū́mō	προθῡ́μω prothū́mō		προθῡ́μους prothū́mous	πρόθῡμᾰ próthūma
Vocative		πρόθῡμε próthūme	πρόθῡμον próthūmon		προθῡ́μω prothū́mō	προθῡ́μω prothū́mō		πρόθῡμοι próthūmoi	πρόθῡμᾰ próthūma
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		προθῡ́μως prothū́mōs			προθῡμότερος prothūmóteros			προθῡμότᾰτος prothūmótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “πρόθυμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πρόθυμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers