προ-
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]See πρό (pró).
Prefix
[edit]προ- • (pro-)
- (with substantives)
- (denotes position before or in front)
- Examples: πρόδομος (pródomos), προάστειον (proásteion), πρόθυρον (próthuron), προπύλαια (propúlaia)
- (denotes priority of rank, order)
- (denotes standing in another's place)
- (denotes position before or in front)
- (with adjectives)
- (denotes proximity, readiness)
- (denotes a coming forth)
- Examples: προθέλυμνος (prothélumnos), πρόρριζος (prórrhizos)
- (denotes prematureness)
- (denotes intensity)
- Examples: πρόπας (própas), πρόπαρ (própar), προπάροιθε (propároithe), πρόκακος (prókakos), πρόπαλαι (própalai)
- (with verbs)
- (of place) before, forwards
- Examples: προβαίνω (probaínō), προβάλλω (probállō), προτίθημι (protíthēmi), προκινδυνεύω (prokinduneúō), προμάχομαι (promákhomai)
- forth, publicly
- before one, away
- before, in preference
- Examples: προαιροῦμαι (proairoûmai), προτιμάω (protimáō)
- before, beforehand, of foresight
- Examples: προαισθάνομαι (proaisthánomai), προγίγνομαι (progígnomai), προκαταλαμβάνω (prokatalambánō), προνοέω (pronoéō), προοράω (prooráō)
- (of place) before, forwards
Usage notes
[edit]With this prefix, a rough breathing of the second word can be carried over to the initial π:
- προ- (pro-) + ὁράω (horáō) + φρουρός (phrourós), φρουρά (phrourá)
- προ- (pro-) + ὁδός (hodós) → φροῦδος (phroûdos)
- προ- (pro-) + οἶμος (oîmos) → φροίμιον (phroímion)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: προ- (pro-)
Further reading
[edit]- “πρό”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- πρό- (pró-)
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]προ- • (pro-) or πρό-
- pre-, pro- (before, in front of)
- προ- (pro-) + ειδοποιώ (eidopoió, “to inform”) → προειδοποιώ (proeidopoió, “to forewarn”)
- προ- (pro-) + γιαγιά (giagiá, “grandmother”) → προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”)
- προ- (pro-) + τελευταίος (teleftaíos, “last, ultimate”) → προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”)
- protect
- προ- (pro-) + φυλάσσω (fylásso, “keep safe”) → προφυλάσσω (profylásso, “protect”)
- something done publicly
- (only colloquially, in repetition) before the one before
- προ- (pro-) + προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”) → προπρογιαγιά (proprogiagiá, “great great-grandmother”)
- προ- (pro-) + προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”) → προπροτελευταίος (proproteleftaíos, “second before last, antepenultimate”)
- and learnedly, with αντι- (anti-): αντιπροτελευταίος (antiproteleftaíos)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- προ-, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language