φάραγξ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
According to Beekes, from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 239: Parameter 2 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "pregrc" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF., like σῆραγξ (sêranx) and φάλαγξ (phálanx). Furnée compares also μάραγοι (máragoi, “overhanging places”) and Spanish barranca (“ravine”). Mark the similar ending in the reconstructed root word for English avalanche, Vulgar Latin *labanka.
But compare the family of Latin forō, feriō and Armenian բերան (beran, “mouth, opening”), all from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Compare also Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx) and Latin frūmen, both possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰá.raŋks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰa.raŋks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸa.raŋks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/
Noun
φᾰ́ρᾰγξ • (pháranx) f (genitive φᾰ́ρᾰγγος); third declension
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ φᾰ́ρᾰγξ hē pháranx |
τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phárange |
αἱ φᾰ́ρᾰγγες hai pháranges | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς φᾰ́ρᾰγγος tês phárangos |
τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn pharángoin |
τῶν φᾰρᾰ́γγων tôn pharángōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ φᾰ́ρᾰγγῐ têi phárangi |
τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn pharángoin |
ταῖς φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐ / φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐν taîs pháranxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰ tḕn pháranga |
τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phárange |
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰς tā̀s phárangas | ||||||||||
Vocative | φᾰ́ρᾰγξ pháranx |
φᾰ́ρᾰγγε phárange |
φᾰ́ρᾰγγες pháranges | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- φαραγγαῖον (pharangaîon)
- φαραγγίτης (pharangítēs)
- φαραγγόω (pharangóō)
- φαραγγώδης (pharangṓdēs)
Descendants
- Greek: φαράγγι (farángi)
Further reading
- “φάραγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- φάραγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- English terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension
- grc:Landforms