φθίω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, disappear”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षिणाति (kṣiṇā́ti, “to destroy, ruin”), English dwindle, Spanish sed (“thirst”), French soif (“thirst”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰtʰí.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰtʰi.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸθi.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfθi.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfθi.o/
Verb
[edit]φθίω • (phthíō)
Conjugation
[edit]number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφθῐον | ἔφθῐες | ἔφθῐε(ν) | ἐφθῐ́ετον | ἐφθῐέτην | ἐφθῐ́ομεν | ἐφθῐ́ετε | ἔφθῐον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφθῐόμην | ἐφθῐ́ου | ἐφθῐ́ετο | ἐφθῐ́εσθον | ἐφθῐέσθην | ἐφθῐόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐφθῐ́εσθε | ἐφθῐ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφθῐνον | ἔφθῐνες | ἔφθῐνε(ν) | ἐφθῐ́νετον | ἐφθῐνέτην | ἐφθῐ́νομεν | ἐφθῐ́νετε | ἔφθῐνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφθῐνόμην | ἐφθῐ́νου | ἐφθῐ́νετο | ἐφθῐ́νεσθον | ἐφθῐνέσθην | ἐφθῐνόμεθᾰ | ἐφθῐ́νεσθε | ἐφθῐ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φθῑ́σω | φθῑ́σεις | φθῑ́σει | φθῑ́σετον | φθῑ́σετον | φθῑ́σομεν | φθῑ́σετε | φθῑ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | φθῑ́σοιμῐ | φθῑ́σοις | φθῑ́σοι | φθῑ́σοιτον | φθῑσοίτην | φθῑ́σοιμεν | φθῑ́σοιτε | φθῑ́σοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | φθῑ́σομαι | φθῑ́σῃ, φθῑ́σει |
φθῑ́σεται | φθῑ́σεσθον | φθῑ́σεσθον | φθῑσόμεθᾰ | φθῑ́σεσθε | φθῑ́σονται | ||||
optative | φθῑσοίμην | φθῑ́σοιο | φθῑ́σοιτο | φθῑ́σοισθον | φθῑσοίσθην | φθῑσοίμεθᾰ | φθῑ́σοισθε | φθῑ́σοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φθῑ́σειν | φθῑ́σεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φθῑ́σων | φθῑσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φθῑ́σουσᾰ | φθῑσομένη | |||||||||||
n | φθῖσον | φθῑσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φθείσω | φθείσεις | φθείσει | φθείσετον | φθείσετον | φθείσομεν | φθείσετε | φθείσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | φθείσοιμῐ | φθείσοις | φθείσοι | φθείσοιτον | φθεισοίτην | φθείσοιμεν | φθείσοιτε | φθείσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | φθείσομαι | φθείσῃ, φθείσει |
φθείσεται | φθείσεσθον | φθείσεσθον | φθεισόμεθᾰ | φθείσεσθε | φθείσονται | ||||
optative | φθεισοίμην | φθείσοιο | φθείσοιτο | φθείσοισθον | φθεισοίσθην | φθεισοίμεθᾰ | φθείσοισθε | φθείσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φθείσειν | φθείσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φθείσων | φθεισόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φθείσουσᾰ | φθεισομένη | |||||||||||
n | φθεῖσον | φθεισόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: φθῐνήσω, φθῐνήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φθῐνήσω | φθῐνήσεις | φθῐνήσει | φθῐνήσετον | φθῐνήσετον | φθῐνήσομεν | φθῐνήσετε | φθῐνήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | φθῐνήσοιμῐ | φθῐνήσοις | φθῐνήσοι | φθῐνήσοιτον | φθῐνησοίτην | φθῐνήσοιμεν | φθῐνήσοιτε | φθῐνήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | φθῐνήσομαι | φθῐνήσῃ, φθῐνήσει |
φθῐνήσεται | φθῐνήσεσθον | φθῐνήσεσθον | φθῐνησόμεθᾰ | φθῐνήσεσθε | φθῐνήσονται | ||||
optative | φθῐνησοίμην | φθῐνήσοιο | φθῐνήσοιτο | φθῐνήσοισθον | φθῐνησοίσθην | φθῐνησοίμεθᾰ | φθῐνήσοισθε | φθῐνήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φθῐνήσειν | φθῐνήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φθῐνήσων | φθῐνησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φθῐνήσουσᾰ | φθῐνησομένη | |||||||||||
n | φθῐνῆσον | φθῐνησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἔφθεισᾰ, ἐφθεισᾰ́μην
Aorist: ἐφθῐ́νησᾰ, ἐφθῐνησᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἐφθῐ́μην | ἔφθῐσο | ἔφθῐτο | ἐφθῐ́σθον | ἐφθῐ́σθην | ἐφθῐἐφθῐ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἐφθῐ́σθε | ἐφθῐ́ατο | ||||
subjunctive | φθῐ́ωμαι | φθῐ́ηαι | φθῐ́εται | φθῐ́ησθον | φθῐ́ησθον | φθῐόμεσθα | φθῐ́ησθε | φθῐ́ωνται | |||||
optative | φθῑ́μην | φθῖσο | φθῖτο | φθῐ́οισθον | φθῐοίσθην | φθῐοίμε(σ)θᾰ | φθῐ́οισθε | φθῐοίᾰτο | |||||
imperative | φθῐ́σο | φθῐ́σθω | φθῐ́σθον | φθῐ́σθων | φθῐ́σθε | φθῐ́σθων | |||||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φθῐ́σθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φθῐ́μενος | |||||||||||
f | φθῐμένη | ||||||||||||
n | φθῐ́μενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ἐφθῐ́νηκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐφθῐ́νηκᾰ | ἐφθῐ́νηκᾰς | ἐφθῐ́νηκε(ν) | ἐφθῐνήκᾰτον | ἐφθῐνήκᾰτον | ἐφθῐνήκᾰμεν | ἐφθῐνήκᾰτε | ἐφθῐνήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐφθῐνήκω | ἐφθῐνήκῃς | ἐφθῐνήκῃ | ἐφθῐνήκητον | ἐφθῐνήκητον | ἐφθῐνήκωμεν | ἐφθῐνήκητε | ἐφθῐνήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐφθῐνήκοιμῐ, ἐφθῐνηκοίην |
ἐφθῐνήκοις, ἐφθῐνηκοίης |
ἐφθῐνήκοι, ἐφθῐνηκοίη |
ἐφθῐνήκοιτον | ἐφθῐνηκοίτην | ἐφθῐνήκοιμεν | ἐφθῐνήκοιτε | ἐφθῐνήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἐφθῐ́νηκε | ἐφθῐνηκέτω | ἐφθῐνήκετον | ἐφθῐνηκέτων | ἐφθῐνήκετε | ἐφθῐνηκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐφθῐνηκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐφθῐνηκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἐφθῐνηκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐφθῐνηκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- φθίω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “φθίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- decay idem, page 199.
- decline idem, page 201.
- decrease idem, page 202.
- die idem, page 222.
- disappear idem, page 227.
- droop idem, page 254.
- dwindle idem, page 257.
- fade idem, page 301.
- minish idem, page 531.
- pass idem, page 595.
- perish idem, page 607.
- pine idem, page 613.
- set idem, page 756.
- vanish idem, page 943.
- wane idem, page 961.
- waste away idem, page 965.
- wither idem, page 984.