dwindle

English

WOTD – 12 December 2008

Etymology

Frequentative form of dwine, from Middle English dwinen, from Old English dwīnan (“to waste away”), itself from Proto-Germanic *dwīnaną. It is equivalent to dwine +‎ -le, akin to Old Norse dvena, dvína, Dutch verdwijnen (“to disappear, dwindle”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈdwɪn.dəl/

• Audio (US)

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• Audio (AU)

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• Rhymes: -ɪndəl

Verb

dwindle (third-person singular simple present dwindles, present participle dwindling, simple past and past participle dwindled)

1. (intransitive) To decrease, shrink, diminish, reduce in size or intensity.

   Synonyms: peter out, (figuratively) spin down, trail off

   • 1802, T. Paynell (translator), Erasmus, The Complaint of Peace

     [E]very thing that was improving gradually degenerates and dwindles away to nothing, […]

2. (intransitive, figurative) To fall away in quality; degenerate, sink.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 132, column 1:

     VVearie Seu'nights, nine times nine, / Shall he dvvindle, peake, and pine: […]

   • 1709, [Jonathan Swift], A Project for the Advancement of Religion, and the Reformation of Manners. […], London: […] Benj[amin] Tooke, […], →OCLC, page 44:

     Religious Societies, though begun with excellent Intention, and by Perſons of true Piety, have dwindled into factious Clubs; […]

   • 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], chapter III, in The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, 1885, →OCLC:

     The flattery of his friends began to dwindle into simple approbation.

   • 1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:

     The larger the empire, the more dwindles the mind of the citizen.

   • 2014 September 26, Charles Quest-Ritson, “The Dutch garden where tulip bulbs live forever: Hortus Bulborum, a volunteer-run Dutch garden, is dedicated to conserving historic varieties before they vanish for good [print version: Inspired by a living bulb archive, 27 September 2014, p. G5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening)‎^[1]:

     [I]nfected tulips are weakened by the viruses that cause the very patterns and swirls that fascinated horticulturists and investors in the first place. Such bulbs tend to dwindle away instead of fattening up and producing offsets.

3. (transitive) To lessen; to bring low.
   • 1728, James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:

     Our drooping days are dwindled down to nought.

4. To break up or disperse.
   • 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:

     there were only five hundred foot and three hundred horse left with him, for the blocking of Plymouth; the rest were dwindled away

Derived terms

• dwindlement
• dwindles
• dwindling
• fall dwindle disease

 

Translations

(intransitive) to decrease, shrink, vanish

• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Bulgarian: смалявам се (smaljavam se), свивам се (svivam se)
• Catalan: disminuir (ca), afeblir-se (ca), minvar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 縮小／缩小 (zh) (suōxiǎo), 減少／减少 (zh) (jiǎnshǎo)

• Czech: ubývat, zmenšovat se
• Dutch: verdwijnen (nl), smelten (nl), krimpen (nl)
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: vähetä (fi), huveta (fi), haipua
• French: diminuer (fr), fondre (fr), s'amenuiser (fr), se tarir, se dessécher (fr), disparaître (fr), s’évanouir (fr), décroître (fr)
• Georgian: იკლებს (iḳlebs), დაიკლებს (daiḳlebs), მცირდება (mcirdeba), შემცირდება (šemcirdeba), ილევა (ileva), გამოილევა (gamoileva)
• German: schwinden (de)
• Hungarian: fogy (hu), apad (hu), csökken (hu), elenyészik (hu), gyengül (hu), kevesbedik (hu), kisebbedik (hu), megcsappan (hu), sorvad (hu)
• Icelandic: dvína
• Ido: diminutar (io)
• Italian: restringersi, diminuire (it)
• Japanese: 減少する (ja) (げんしょうする, genshō suru)
• Khmer: please add this translation if you can
• Macedonian: се све́де (se svéde), се сма́ли (se smáli)
• Maori: tāharahara
• Middle English: dwynen
• Navajo: áádįįł
• Polish: umniejszać (pl)
• Portuguese: diminuir (pt), decrescer (pt)
• Russian: уменьша́ться (ru) impf (umenʹšátʹsja), уме́ньшиться (ru) pf (uménʹšitʹsja), сокраща́ться (ru) impf (sokraščátʹsja), сократи́ться (ru) pf (sokratítʹsja)
• Scottish Gaelic: crìon
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: сви̏снути

  Roman: svȉsnuti (sh)

• Spanish: disminuir (es), agotarse (es), desaparecer (es), menguar (es)
• Swedish: minska (sv), krympa (sv), förtvina (sv)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: зменшуватися (zmenšuvatysja), скорочуватися (skoročuvatysja), убувати (uk) (ubuvaty)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

Anagrams

• windled