лъскам

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lъskati (equivalent to *lъk- +‎ *-skati), akin to English light. By the time of first Slavic writing, the root has been reanalyzed into *lьsk- (cf. Old Church Slavonic льщати (lĭštati)), which BER explains as an influence from synonymous *blьskati (“to flash”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɫɤskɐm]

Verb

лъ́скам • (lǎ́skam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective лъ́сна)

1. (ditransitive) to polish, to burnish, to furbish

   лъскам някому обувките ― lǎskam njakomu obuvkite ― to polish someone's shoes

2. (intransitive, rare) to shine, to gloss, to emit glimmer

   В далечината лъсна светкавица.

   V dalečinata lǎsna svetkavica.

   A lightning flashed out in the distance.

3. (reflexive with се, figurative) to tidy up, to polish one's look/appearance

Conjugation

    Conjugation of лъ́скам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	лъ́скащ lǎ́skašt	лъ́скал, лъска́л1 lǎ́skal, lǎskál1	лъ́скал lǎ́skal	лъ́скан lǎ́skan		лъ́скайки lǎ́skajki
	definite subject form	лъ́скащият lǎ́skaštijat	лъ́скалият, лъска́лият1 lǎ́skalijat, lǎskálijat1	—	лъ́сканият lǎ́skanijat
	definite object form	лъ́скащия lǎ́skaštija	лъ́скалия, лъска́лия1 lǎ́skalija, lǎskálija1	—	лъ́скания lǎ́skanija
feminine	indefinite	лъ́скаща lǎ́skašta	лъ́скала, лъска́ла1 lǎ́skala, lǎskála1	лъ́скала lǎ́skala	лъ́скана lǎ́skana
	definite	лъ́скащата lǎ́skaštata	лъ́скалата, лъска́лата1 lǎ́skalata, lǎskálata1	—	лъ́сканата lǎ́skanata
neuter	indefinite	лъ́скащо lǎ́skašto	лъ́скало, лъска́ло1 lǎ́skalo, lǎskálo1	лъ́скало lǎ́skalo	лъ́скано lǎ́skano	лъ́скане lǎ́skane
	definite	лъ́скащото lǎ́skaštoto	лъ́скалото, лъска́лото1 lǎ́skaloto, lǎskáloto1	—	лъ́сканото lǎ́skanoto	лъ́скането lǎ́skaneto
plural	indefinite	лъ́скащи lǎ́skašti	лъ́скали, лъска́ли1 lǎ́skali, lǎskáli1	лъ́скали lǎ́skali	лъ́скани lǎ́skani	лъ́скания, лъ́сканета lǎ́skanija, lǎ́skaneta
	definite	лъ́скащите lǎ́skaštite	лъ́скалите, лъска́лите1 lǎ́skalite, lǎskálite1	—	лъ́сканите lǎ́skanite	лъ́сканията, лъ́сканетата lǎ́skanijata, lǎ́skanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		лъ́скам lǎ́skam	лъ́скаш lǎ́skaš	лъ́ска lǎ́ska	лъ́скаме lǎ́skame	лъ́скате lǎ́skate	лъ́скат lǎ́skat
imperfect		лъ́сках lǎ́skah	лъ́скаше lǎ́skaše	лъ́скаше lǎ́skaše	лъ́скахме lǎ́skahme	лъ́скахте lǎ́skahte	лъ́скаха lǎ́skaha
aorist		лъ́сках, лъска́х1 lǎ́skah, lǎskáh1	лъ́ска, лъска́1 lǎ́ska, lǎská1	лъ́ска, лъска́1 lǎ́ska, lǎská1	лъ́скахме, лъска́хме1 lǎ́skahme, lǎskáhme1	лъ́скахте, лъска́хте1 lǎ́skahte, lǎskáhte1	лъ́скаха, лъска́ха1 lǎ́skaha, lǎskáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лъ́скал m, лъ́скала f, лъ́скало n, or лъ́скали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал m, лъ́скала f, лъ́скало n, or лъ́скали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал m, лъ́скала f, лъ́скало n, or лъ́скали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			лъ́скай lǎ́skaj			лъ́скайте lǎ́skajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

verbs

• излъ́скам pf (izlǎ́skam), излъ́свам impf (izlǎ́svam)
• полъ́скам pf (polǎ́skam), полъ́свам impf (polǎ́svam)

 

noun

• лъ́ска (lǎ́ska, “flake, shiny object”)
• лъ́сък (lǎ́sǎk) (dialectal)
• (resultant noun) лъска́вица (lǎskávica)
• лъска́р m (lǎskár)
• лъска́рка f (lǎskárka)
• (agent noun) лъска́ч (lǎskáč)

 

Related terms

• лъщя́ (lǎštjá, “to shine”) (iterative)
• лъ́скав (lǎ́skav, “shiny”)
• лъч (lǎč, “ray of light”)

References

• “лъскам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “лъскам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ль́скамь (ль́свамь, да ль́снѫ)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 29
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лъскам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 559
• “льщати сѧ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024