пещера

See also: пештера

Bulgarian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *pektí

Proto-Slavic *peťь

Proto-Slavic *-era

Proto-Slavic *peťera

Old Church Slavonic пещера (peštera)

Bulgarian пещера

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic пещера (peštera), from Proto-Slavic *peťera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɛʃtɛˈra]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ra
• Syllabification^(key): пе‧ще‧ра

Noun

пещера́ • (pešterá) f

1. cave, cavern

Declension

Declension of пещера́

	singular	plural
indefinite	пещера́ pešterá	пещери́ pešterí
definite	пещера́та pešteráta	пещери́те pešteríte

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *peťera, from *peťь (“oven”) + *-era, from *peťi (“to bake”).

Noun

пещера • (peštera) f

1. cave, cavern, dungeon
2. recess, opening

Declension

Declension of пещера (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	пещера (peštera)	пещерѣ (pešterě)	пещерꙑ (peštery)
genitive	пещерꙑ (peštery)	пещероу (pešteru)	пещеръ (pešterŭ)
dative	пещерѣ (pešterě)	пещерама (pešterama)	пещерамъ (pešteramŭ)
accusative	пещерѫ (pešterǫ)	пещерѣ (pešterě)	пещерꙑ (peštery)
instrumental	пещероѭ (pešterojǫ)	пещерама (pešterama)	пещерами (pešterami)
locative	пещерѣ (pešterě)	пещероу (pešteru)	пещерахъ (pešteraxŭ)
vocative	пещеро (peštero)	пещерѣ (pešterě)	пещерꙑ (peštery)

References

• Бояджиев, Андрей (2016), Старобългарска читанка‎^[1], София

Further reading

• “пещера”, in GORAZD [Old Church Slavonic Digital Hub], http://gorazd.org, 2016—2026

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *pektí

Proto-Slavic *peťь

Proto-Slavic *-era

Proto-Slavic *peťera

Old Church Slavonic пещера (peštera)bor.

Carpathian Rusyn пеще́ра (peščéra)bor.

Pannonian Rusyn пещера

Borrowed from Carpathian Rusyn пеще́ра (peščéra), borrowed from Old Church Slavonic пещера (peštera), from Proto-Slavic *peťera. Related to пец (pec, “oven”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɛʃˈt͡ʃɛra]
• Rhymes: -ɛra
• Hyphenation: пе‧ще‧ра

Noun

пещера (peščera) f (relational adjective пещерски or пещеров)

1. cave (large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground or in the face of a cliff or a hillside)

   Synonym: (literary) яскиня (jaskinja)

Declension

Declension of пещера (peščera)

	singular	plural
nominative	пещера (peščera)	пещери (peščeri)
genitive	пещери (peščeri)	пещерох (peščerox)
dative	пещери (peščeri)	пещером (peščerom)
accusative	пещеру (peščeru)	пещери (peščeri)
instrumental	пещеру (peščeru)	пещерами (peščerami)
locative	пещери (peščeri)	пещерох (peščerox)
vocative	пещеро (peščero)	пещери (peščeri)

Related terms

nouns

• пещерар m (peščerar)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M. (1997), “пећина”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Сербско-руски словнїк [Serbian-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (О – Ш), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 144
• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “пещера”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 590
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “cave”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 50

Russian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic пещера (peštera, “cave”), from Proto-Slavic *peťera, from *peťь (“oven”) + *-era, from *peťi (“to bake”) + *-tь. Doublet of печо́ра (pečóra), the inherited East Slavic form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʲɪˈɕːerə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

пеще́ра • (peščéra) f inan (genitive пеще́ры, nominative plural пеще́ры, genitive plural пеще́р, relational adjective пеще́рный)

1. cave

   Synonym: печо́ра (pečóra)

   он два́дцать лет в пеще́ре провёл ― on dvádcatʹ let v peščére provjól ― he spent twenty years in a cave

Declension

Declension of пеще́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	пеще́ра peščéra	пеще́ры peščéry
genitive	пеще́ры peščéry	пеще́р peščér
dative	пеще́ре peščére	пеще́рам peščéram
accusative	пеще́ру peščéru	пеще́ры peščéry
instrumental	пеще́рой, пеще́рою peščéroj, peščéroju	пеще́рами peščérami
prepositional	пеще́ре peščére	пеще́рах peščérax

Pre-reform declension of пеще́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	пеще́ра peščéra	пеще́ры peščéry
genitive	пеще́ры peščéry	пеще́ръ peščér
dative	пеще́рѣ peščérě	пеще́рамъ peščéram
accusative	пеще́ру peščéru	пеще́ры peščéry
instrumental	пеще́рой, пеще́рою peščéroj, peščéroju	пеще́рами peščérami
prepositional	пеще́рѣ peščérě	пеще́рахъ peščérax

Related terms

• пеще́ристый (peščéristyj)

Descendants

• → Eastern Mari: пещер (peŝer)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пещера”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress