против

See also: против-

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

• проти (proti) — dialectal

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *pér

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *pró

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

?

Proto-Indo-European *próti ~ *prétider.

Proto-Slavic *protivъ

Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ)

Bulgarian против

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ), from Proto-Slavic *protivъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [proˈtif]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -if
• Syllabification^(key): про‧тив

Preposition

проти́в • (protív)

1. against

Derived terms

• проти́вен (protíven), проти́вно (protívno), проти́вното (protívnoto)
• проти́вник (protívnik), проти́вничка (protívnička), проти́вников (protívnikov)

Further reading

• “Про́ти́въ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), gerov-rechnik.net, vol. 4 (1901).

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *protivъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈprɔtif]

Preposition

против • (protiv)

1. against

   Antonym: за (za)

Derived terms

• на́против (náprotiv)
• про́тиви (prótivi)
• про́тивник m (prótivnik)

See also

• спро́ти (spróti)
• спро́тива (sprótiva)

Russian

Alternative forms

• проти́ву (protívu) — archaic

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic противъ (protivŭ), from Proto-Slavic *protivъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈprotʲɪf]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

про́тив • (prótiv) [with genitive]

1. against
   • 1858, Иван Гончаров [Ivan Goncharov], “Том 1. VI. Сингапур”, in Фрегат «Паллада»; English translation from Klaus Goetze, transl., The Frigate Pallada, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987:

     Вся ве́рхняя часть те́ла у инди́йцев обнажена́, но они́ че́м-то ма́жутся, чуть ли не коко́совым ма́слом, ина́че никака́я ко́жа не устои́т про́тив э́того со́лнца.

     Vsja vérxnjaja častʹ téla u indíjcev obnažená, no oní čém-to mážutsja, čutʹ li ne kokósovym máslom, ináče nikakája kóža ne ustoít prótiv étovo sólnca.

     The upper part of the body of Indians is naked, but they anoint themselves, perhaps with coconut butter, for no skin can stand up against this kind of sun.

2. opposite

Antonyms

• за (za)

See also

• противо- (protivo-)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *protivъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /prôtiʋ/
• Hyphenation: про‧тив

Preposition

про̏тив (Latin spelling prȍtiv) [with genitive]

1. against

Further reading

• “против”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
• “против”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026