псувам

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

• пцо́вам (pcóvam) — dialectal
• псу́я (psúja), псу́ам (psúam) — dialectal

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsovati (“to address a dog”). By surface analysis, пес (pes) +‎ -увам (-uvam). Cognate with Macedonian пцуе (pcue), Serbo-Croatian псо̀вати, Slovene psováti, Russian псова́ть (psovátʹ) (colloquial), Polish psować. Semantically analogous with German hunzen (“to cuss”) (from Hund (“dog”)), Lithuanian šunióti (“to curse”) (from šuõ (“dog”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpsuvɐm]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uvɐm
• Syllabification^(key): псу‧вам

Verb

псу́вам • (psúvam) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (intransitive) to swear
2. (intransitive) to curse, to cuss

   Synonyms: ругая (rugaja), клеветя (klevetja)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of псу́вам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	псу́ващ psúvašt	псу́вал, псува́л1 psúval, psuvál1	псу́вал psúval	—		псу́вайки psúvajki
	definite subject form	псу́ващият psúvaštijat	псу́валият, псува́лият1 psúvalijat, psuválijat1	—	—
	definite object form	псу́ващия psúvaštija	псу́валия, псува́лия1 psúvalija, psuválija1	—	—
feminine	indefinite	псу́ваща psúvašta	псу́вала, псува́ла1 psúvala, psuvála1	псу́вала psúvala	—
	definite	псу́ващата psúvaštata	псу́валата, псува́лата1 psúvalata, psuválata1	—	—
neuter	indefinite	псу́ващо psúvašto	псу́вало, псува́ло1 psúvalo, psuválo1	псу́вало psúvalo	—	псу́ване psúvane
	definite	псу́ващото psúvaštoto	псу́валото, псува́лото1 psúvaloto, psuváloto1	—	—	псу́ването psúvaneto
plural	indefinite	псу́ващи psúvašti	псу́вали, псува́ли1 psúvali, psuváli1	псу́вали psúvali	—	псу́вания, псу́ванета psúvanija, psúvaneta
	definite	псу́ващите psúvaštite	псу́валите, псува́лите1 psúvalite, psuválite1	—	—	псу́ванията, псу́ванетата psúvanijata, psúvanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		псу́вам psúvam	псу́ваш psúvaš	псу́ва psúva	псу́ваме psúvame	псу́вате psúvate	псу́ват psúvat
imperfect		псу́вах psúvah	псу́ваше psúvaše	псу́ваше psúvaše	псу́вахме psúvahme	псу́вахте psúvahte	псу́ваха psúvaha
aorist		псу́вах, псува́х1 psúvah, psuváh1	псу́ва, псува́1 psúva, psuvá1	псу́ва, псува́1 psúva, psuvá1	псу́вахме, псува́хме1 psúvahme, psuváhme1	псу́вахте, псува́хте1 psúvahte, psuváhte1	псу́ваха, псува́ха1 psúvaha, psuváha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and псу́вал m, псу́вала f, псу́вало n, or псу́вали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал m, псу́вала f, псу́вало n, or псу́вали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and псу́вал m, псу́вала f, псу́вало n, or псу́вали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			псу́вай psúvaj			псу́вайте psúvajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• запсу́вам (zapsúvam), запцу́ем (zapcúem, “to get swearing”)
• изпсу́вам (izpsúvam, “to say a swear word”)
• попсу́вам (popsúvam, “to swear for a while”)
• препсу́вам (prepsúvam, “to cuss”)
• пропсу́вам (propsúvam, “to swear for a first time”)
• псо́вка (psóvka), пцо́вка (pcóvka, “expletive”) (dialectal)
• псувня́ (psuvnjá, “swear word”)
• разпсу́вам (razpsúvam, “to curse everyone around”)

Related terms

• пес (pes, “dog”)
• пъстър (păstăr, “variegated”)

References

• “псувам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “псувам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 841