топор

Bulgarian

сечиво топор

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *toporъ. Either an Iranian borrowing (chronologically disputed) or from an expressive root related to Bulgarian те́пам (tépam, “to beat”), то́пам (tópam, “to bounce”) +‎ -ор (-or).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [toˈpɔr]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔr
• Syllabification^(key): то‧пор

Noun

топо́р • (topór) m (diminutive топо́рче)

1. axe, hatchet

Declension

Declension of топо́р

	singular	plural
indefinite	топо́р topór	топо́ри topóri
definite (subject form)	топо́рът topórǎt	топо́рите topórite
definite (object form)	топо́ра topóra
count form	—	топо́ра topóra

Coordinate terms

• бра́два (brádva, “bearded axe”)
• секи́ра (sekíra, “splitting axe”)
• сатъ́р (satǎ́r, “broad axe”)
• ки́рка (kírka, “pickaxe”)
• тесла́ (teslá, “adze”)

Derived terms

• топо́рище (topórište) (augmentative)

References

• “топор”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “топор”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

• отпор (otpor), прото- (proto-), ропот (ropot)

Russian

Alternative forms

• топо́ръ (topór) — pre-1918 spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic топоръ (toporŭ, “poleaxe”), from Proto-Slavic *toporъ. Further etymology is disputed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɐˈpor]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

топо́р • (topór) m inan (genitive топора́, nominative plural топоры́, genitive plural топоро́в, relational adjective топо́рный, diminutive топо́рик or топоро́к, augmentative топори́ще)

1. axe, ax, hatchet

   пла́вать как топо́р ― plávatʹ kak topór ― swim like a stone

Usage notes

• This is the default and unmarked word for "axe". Every type of axe and battle-axe may be called топор, however, poleaxes and halberds are currently not widely considered to be axes by Russian speakers, as they are felt to be allied to spears and pikes, while for example the Dane axe is seen as an axe.

Declension

Declension of топо́р (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	топо́р topór	топоры́ toporý
genitive	топора́ toporá	топоро́в toporóv
dative	топору́ toporú	топора́м toporám
accusative	топо́р topór	топоры́ toporý
instrumental	топоро́м toporóm	топора́ми toporámi
prepositional	топоре́ toporé	топора́х toporáx

Coordinate terms

• секи́ра (sekíra) (dialectal, archaic)

Derived terms

• топори́ще n (toporíšče)
• топо́рный (topórnyj)
• топоро́к m anim or m inan (toporók)

Compounds:

• ка́ша из топора́ f (káša iz toporá)
• топо́р войны́ f (topór vojný)
  • зары́ть топо́р войны́ pf (zarýtʹ topór vojný)
• три топора́ (tri toporá)
• хоть топо́р ве́шай (xotʹ topór véšaj)

Descenants

• → Urum: тапор (tapor)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “топор”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Further reading

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “топоръ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 980
  • Continuing: Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “топоръкъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 981
• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “топор”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Anagrams

• ро́пот (rópot), отпо́р (otpór)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *toporъ, from an Iranian language. Compare Persian تبر (tabar).

Noun

то̏пор m animacy unspecified (Latin spelling tȍpor)

1. (regional, rare) axe

   Synonyms: сјѐкира, сѐкира