топъл
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *toplъ (in South Slavic), cognate with Old Church Slavonic топлъ (toplŭ), Macedonian топол (topol), Serbo-Croatian tȍpao. In other Slavic branches, the lemma is encountered with e-grade vocalism: e.g. Russian тёплый (tjóplyj), Polish ciepły.
Formally comparable with Bulgarian топо́ла (topóla, “poplar”) and Bulgarian те́пам (tépam, “to beat, to bash”), but the genetic relation between them is questionable.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]то́пъл • (tópǎl) (adverb то́пло, abstract noun топлота́ or топлина́)
- warm (having a temperature slightly higher than usual, but still pleasant)
- warm (being something that causes warmth)
- warm (having a color in the red-orange-yellow part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum)
- то́пли цветове́ ― tópli cvetové ― warm colors, hues
- (of the weather) mild
- affectionate, cordial, hearty, warm, genial, kindly
Declension
[edit]Positive forms of то́пъл
Comparative forms of то́пъл
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | по́-то́пъл pó-tópǎl |
по́-то́пла pó-tópla |
по́-то́пло pó-tóplo |
по́-то́пли pó-tópli |
| definite (subject form) |
по́-то́плият pó-tóplijat |
по́-то́плата pó-tóplata |
по́-то́плото pó-tóploto |
по́-то́плите pó-tóplite |
| definite (object form) |
по́-то́плия pó-tóplija |
Superlative forms of то́пъл
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | на́й-то́пъл náj-tópǎl |
на́й-то́пла náj-tópla |
на́й-то́пло náj-tóplo |
на́й-то́пли náj-tópli |
| definite (subject form) |
на́й-то́плият náj-tóplijat |
на́й-то́плата náj-tóplata |
на́й-то́плото náj-tóploto |
на́й-то́плите náj-tóplite |
| definite (object form) |
на́й-то́плия náj-tóplija |
Derived terms
[edit]- то́пля impf (tóplja), то́плям pf (tópljam, “to warm”)
- топли́к (toplík, “warmth”)
- топли́во (toplívo, “fuel”)
- топли́нен (toplínen), топли́вен (toplíven, “thermal”)