тюрьма
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Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic тюрма (tjurma), traditionally believed to be derived from Polish turma, from Middle High German turm, turn, from Old French *torn, from Latin turrem/turrim, accusative singular of turris, whence English tower. But more likely from Proto-Turkic *türmä (“prison”); compare Tatar төрмә (törmä, “prison”), Kyrgyz түрмө (türmö, “prison”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]тюрьма́ • (tjurʹmá) f inan (genitive тюрьмы́, nominative plural тю́рьмы, genitive plural тю́рем, relational adjective тюре́мный)
Declension
[edit]Declension of тюрьма́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc)
Pre-reform declension of тюрьма́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc)
Related terms
[edit]- тюре́мщик (tjurémščik), тюре́мщица (tjurémščica)
- тюре́мник (tjurémnik)
- тюря́га (tjurjága) (slang)
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: türmə
- → Estonian: türm
- → Finnish: tyrmä
- → Ingrian: tyrmä
- → Kildin Sami: туррьм (turr’m)
- → Yakut: түрмэ (türme)
- → Yiddish: טורמעס (turmes)
References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тюрьма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Categories:
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms borrowed from Polish
- Russian terms derived from Polish
- Russian terms derived from Middle High German
- Russian terms derived from Old French
- Russian terms derived from Latin
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio links
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian feminine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-d nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern d
- Russian nouns with reducible stem
- ru:Prison
- ru:Buildings