чума

Bulgarian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁éyeti

Ancient Greek κῠ́ω (kŭ́ō)

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Hellenic *-mə

Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)

Ancient Greek κῦμᾰ (kûmă)bor.

Latin cȳma?

Romanian ciumăbor.

Ottoman Turkish چوما (çuma)bor.

Bulgarian чума

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چوما (çuma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃu̟mɐ]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -umɐ
• Syllabification^(key): чу‧ма

Noun

чу́ма • (čúma) f

1. (pathology) plague, pestilence; especially the Black Death

Declension

Declension of чу́ма

	singular	plural
indefinite	чу́ма čúma	чу́ми čúmi
definite	чу́мата čúmata	чу́мите čúmite
vocative form	чу́мо čúmo	чу́ми čúmi

References

• “чума”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “чума”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• “чума”, in ЛексИт [LexIt] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “чума”, in БЕРОН (Български езикови ресурси онлайн) [BERON (Bulgarian Language Resources Online)] (in Bulgarian), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024

Anagrams

• муча (muča)

Macedonian

Etymology

Borrowed from Romanian ciumă, probably from Latin cȳma, from Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave, billow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃuma]

Noun

чума • (čuma) f

1. plague (disease)

Declension

Declension of чума

	singular	plural
indefinite	чума (čuma)	чуми (čumi)
definite unspecified	чумата (čumata)	чумите (čumite)
definite proximal	чумава (čumava)	чумиве (čumive)
definite distal	чумана (čumana)	чумине (čumine)
vocative	чумо (čumo)	чуми (čumi)

Russian

Etymology

Ultimately from Romanian ciumă.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʊˈma]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

чума́ • (čumá) f inan (genitive чумы́, uncountable)

1. plague, pestilence
2. (specifically) the plague, the Black Death

Declension

Declension of чума́ (inan sg-only fem-form hard-stem accent-b) 

	singular
nominative	чума́ čumá
genitive	чумы́ čumý
dative	чуме́ čumé
accusative	чуму́ čumú
instrumental	чумо́й, чумо́ю čumój, čumóju
prepositional	чуме́ čumé

Related terms

• чу́мка (čúmka)
• чумно́й (čumnój), чумово́й (čumovój)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: cuma

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “чума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Doublet of джу́ма (džúma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʊˈma]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

чума́ • (čumá) f inan (genitive чуми́, uncountable)

1. plague

Declension

Declension of чума́
(inan sg-only hard fem-form accent-d)

	singular
nominative	чума́ čumá
genitive	чуми́ čumý
dative	чумі́ čumí
accusative	чуму́ čumú
instrumental	чумо́ю čumóju
locative	чумі́ čumí
vocative	чу́мо čúmo