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שנה

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Hebrew

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Etymology 1

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Root
שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)
11 terms

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *šanat-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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שָׁנָה (shanáf (dual indefinite שנתיים / שְׁנָתַיִם, plural indefinite שָׁנִים, singular construct שְׁנַת־, plural construct שְׁנוֹת־ or שְׁנֵי־) [pattern: קְטָלָה]

  1. year (the time it takes for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun)
    אורכה של שנה הוא שנים עשר חודשים.
    orkáh shel shaná hu shném 'asár khodashím.
    The length of a year is twelve months.
    • Tanach, Genesis 14:4, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה עָבְדוּ אֶת־כְּדׇרְלָעֹמֶר וּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָרָֽדוּ׃
      Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
  2. (astronomy) year (the time it takes for any planetary body to make one revolution around another body)
Declension
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Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Cognate with Arabic ثَنَى (ṯanā) and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܬܵܢܹܐ (tānē).[1]

Verb

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שָׁנָה (shaná) (pa'al construction)

  1. to repeat (to do something an additional time)
Conjugation
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Conjugation of שָׁנָה (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms to-infinitive לִשְׁנוֹת
action noun
passive participle שָׁנוּי
finite forms singular plural
m f m f
past first שָׁנִיתִי שָׁנִינוּ
second שָׁנִיתָ שָׁנִית שְׁנִיתֶם1 שְׁנִיתֶן1
third שָׁנָה שָׁנְתָה שָׁנוּ
present שׁוֹנֶה שׁוֹנָה שׁוֹנִים שׁוֹנוֹת
future first אֶשְׁנֶה נִשְׁנֶה
second תִּשְׁנֶה תִּשְׁנִי תִּשְׁנוּ תִּשְׁנֶינָה2
third יִשְׁנֶה תִּשְׁנֶה יִשְׁנוּ תִּשְׁנֶינָה2
imperative positive שְׁנֵה שְׁנִי שְׁנוּ שְׁנֶינָה2
negative אַל + Second person future tense

1 Pronounced שָׁנִיתֶם and שָׁנִיתֶן in informal Modern Hebrew.
2 Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Verb

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שִׁנָּה (shiná) (pi'el construction)

  1. defective spelling of שינה

Etymology 4

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Verb

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שֻׁנָּה (shuna) (pu'al construction)

  1. defective spelling of שונה

Etymology 5

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Noun

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שֵׁנָה (sheináf (plural indefinite שֵׁנוֹת, singular construct שְׁנַת־, plural construct שְׁנוֹת־)

  1. defective spelling of שינה

References

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  1. ^ HFW Gesenius (1800), “H8138”, in SP Tregelles, transl., Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon[1]