Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šanat-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*šanat- f

1. year
2. season

Inflection

Declension of *šanat-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*šanatum	*šanatāna	*šanātum
accusative	*šanatam	*šanatayna	*šanātim
genitive	*šanatim
possessive forms
1st person	*šanatī / *šanatVya	—	*šanatVni
2nd person m	*šanatVka	*šanatVkumā / *šanatVkumay	*šanatVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*šanatVki		*šanatVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*šanatVšu	*šanatVšumā / *šanatVšumay	*šanatVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*šanatVša		*šanatVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *šanatuya for nom. case, *šanatiya for gen. case, *šanataya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒈬 (šattum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: سَنَة (sana)
      • Cypriot Arabic: sine
      • Egyptian Arabic: سنة (sana)
      • Gulf Arabic: سِنَة (sina)
      • Maltese: sena
      • Moroccan Arabic: سنة (sana, sna)
      • North Levantine Arabic: سنة (sine)
      • South Levantine Arabic: سنة (sane)
      • → Afar: sanát
      • → Azerbaijani: sənə
      • → Bengali: সন (śon)
      • → Harsusi: senet
      • → Hindi: सन् (san)
      • → Mehri: سنيت (senēt)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: سنه
        • Turkish: sene
      • → Persian: سنه
        • → Chagatai: سنه (snh /⁠sänä⁠/)
          • Uzbek: sana
      • → Soqotri: sanah
      • → Tigre: ሰነት (sänät)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: שַׁנְתָּא (šantā), שַׁתָּא (šattā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܫܰܢܬܴ݁ܐ (šantā)
        • Neo-Aramaic:
          • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šētā)
          • Chaldean Neo-Aramaic: ܫܹܐܬܵܐ (šeta), pl: ܫܢܐ (šǝnne)
          • Lishana Deni: שאתא (šāta), pl: שניה (šǝnne)
          • Lishanid Noshan: [script needed] (šāt), [script needed] (šana)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: שָׁנָה (shaná, šānâ)
        • Moabite: 𐤔𐤕 (št)
        • Phoenician: 𐤔𐤕 (št /⁠šat⁠/)
          • Punic: 𐤔𐤕 (št /⁠šat⁠/)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎐𐎚 (šnt /⁠šanatu⁠/)

References

• Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN