सन्

See also: सन

Hindi

Alternative forms

सन (san)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَنَة (sana). Also influenced by Sanskrit सन् (san, name of an era).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /sən/, [sɐ̃n]

Noun

सन् • (san) m (Urdu spelling سن)

year
Synonyms: वर्ष (varṣ), साल (sāl), बरस (baras)
era
ईसवी सन् ― īsvī san ― Christian era; AD

Declension

Declension of *सन्* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	सन् san	सन् san
oblique	सन् san	सनों sanõ
vocative	सन् san	सनो sano

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

san (Latin script)
𑀲𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
সন্ (Bengali script)
සන් (Sinhalese script)
သန် or သၼ် (Burmese script)
สนฺ or สัน (Thai script)
ᩈᨶ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
ສນ຺ or ສັນ (Lao script)
សន៑ (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄚𑄴 (Chakma script)

Noun

सन् m

Devanagari script form of san

Declension

Only consensus forms are shown.

Declension table of "सन्" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सा (sā)	सा (sā)
Accusative (second)	(उन्चेर्तइन्) ((uncertaïn))	साने (sāne)
Dative (fourth)	सस्स (sassa)	सानं (sānaṃ)
Genitive (sixth)	सस्स (sassa)	सानं (sānaṃ)
Vocative (calling)	स (sa)	सा (sā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

सा (sā) — weak stem

Alternative scripts

সন্ (Assamese script)
ᬲᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
সন্ (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
သန် (Burmese script)
સન્ (Gujarati script)
ਸਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಸೝ (Kannada script)
សន៑ (Khmer script)
ສນ຺ (Lao script)
സന് (Malayalam script)
ᠰᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠰᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
ସନ୍ (Odia script)
ꢱꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
සන් (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
ஸந் (Tamil script)
సౝ (Telugu script)
สนฺ (Thai script)
ས་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sanH-, from Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to seek, accomplish, work on, succeed”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνύω (anúō, “cause, accomplish”), the source of English authentic (see αὐθέντης (authéntēs)), as well as Hittite [script needed] (sanh-, “to intend; to strive for; to seek”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐn/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐn̪/

Root

सन् • (san)

to gain, acquire, obtain as a gift, possess, enjoy
to gain for another, procure, bestow, give, distribute
(middle voice) to be successful, be granted or fulfilled
(desiderative) to wish to acquire or obtain
(desiderative) to wish to procure or bestow
(intensive) to gain or acquire repeatedly

Derived terms

Primary verbal forms

स॒नोति॑ (sanóti, present)
स॒नि॒ष्यति॑ (saniṣyáti, future)
स॒नि॒ता (sanitā́, periphrastic future)
अस॑नत् (ásanat, aorist)
असा॑नीत् (ásānīt, aorist)
सन्यात् (sanyāt, benedictive)
सायात् (sāyāt, benedictive)
सेत् (set, benedictive)
स॒सान॑ (sasā́na, perfect)

Secondary forms

स॒न्यते॑ (sanyáte, passive)
सा॒यते॑ (sāyáte, passive)
सा॒नय॑ति (sānáyati, causative)
असी॑षणत् (ásīṣaṇat, causative aorist)
सिषा॑सति (síṣāsati, desiderative)
सिसनिषति (sisaniṣati, desiderative)
सिसानयिषति (sisānayiṣati, desiderative of causative)
संसन्यते (saṃsanyate, intensive)
सासायते (sāsāyate, intensive)
संसन्ति (saṃsanti, intensive)

Non-finite forms

सा॒त (sātá, past participle)
सनितुम् (sanitum, infinitive)
सनि॑त्व (sánitva, gerundive)
सि॒षा॒सु (siṣāsú, desiderative participle)
सि॒षा॒सनि॑ (siṣāsáni, desiderative participle)
सि॒षा॒सतु॑ (siṣāsátu, desiderative participle)

Derived nominal forms

Prefixed root forms

संसन् (saṃsan)

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root सन् (0 c, 6 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root सन् (1 c, 0 e)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “सन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1140, column 3.
William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 183

Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “सन्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “सन्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SAN^I”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 696-697

Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 369
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 532
Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 906