ܫܢܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Inherited from Aramaic שֵׁנָא (šennā), from Proto-Semitic *šinn-, but fossilized in the verb ܨܵܐܹܪ ܫܸܢܵܢܹ̈ܗ ܠܓܸܚܟܵܐ (ṣāˀēr šinnānēh lgiḥkā, “to smile (of a baby)”) in dialect of Ashitha and in the below proper noun as the name of a mountain with a cliff at its summit. The effective usage is then a Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac. The noun also survives in Turoyo ܫܶܢܐ (šeno, “steep rock”) and in at least one Turoyo dialect with the meaning of “molar tooth”; compare Akkadian 𒅗 (šinnum), Arabic سِنّ (sinn) and Hebrew שֵׁן (shén).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn.nɑː]

Noun

ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ • (šinnē) m sg (plural ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ (šinnē) or ܫܸܢܵܢܹ̈ܐ (šinnānē))

1. (anatomy, formal, literary) tooth, fang, tusk
2. (anatomy, formal, literary) axis, epistropheus
3. (formal, literary) tooth (of a fork), prong, spike
4. rocky crag, steep cliff, mountain peak

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܸܢܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܸܢ (šin)		1st person	ܫܸܢܝܼ (šinī)		ܫܸܢܲܢ (šinnan)
	construct	ܫܸܢ (šin)		2nd person	ܫܸܢܘܼܟ݂ (šinōḵ)	ܫܸܢܵܟ݂ܝ (šinnāḵ)	ܫܸܢܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šinnawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܸܢܵܐ (šinnā)		3rd person	ܫܸܢܹܗ (šinnēh)	ܫܸܢܵܗ̇ (šinnāh)	ܫܸܢܗܘܿܢ (šinhōn)
plural	absolute	ܫܸܢܝܼ̈ܢ (šinīn)		1st person	ܫܸܢܝܼ̈ (šinī)		ܫܸܢܲܢ̈ (šinnan)
	construct	ܫܸܢܲܝ̈ (šinnay)		2nd person	ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (šinōḵ)	ܫܸܢܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (šinnāḵ)	ܫܸܢܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šinnawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ (šinnē)		3rd person	ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ (šinūh)	ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (šinnōh)	ܫܸܢܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (šinnayhōn)

See also

• ܟܲܟܵܐ (kakkā)

Proper noun

ܫܸܢܵܐ • (šinnā) m

1. name of a mountain in Hakkari

Etymology 2

ܫܢܐ ܕܕܒܫܐ

Borrowed from Northern Kurdish شان (şan), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂ónks (“honey”); compare Sanskrit काञ्चन (kāñcana) amd Old English hunig.

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːnɑː]

Noun

ܫܵܢܵܐ • (šānā) f (plural ܫܵܢܹ̈ܐ (šānē))

1. honeycomb

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܵܢܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܵܢ (šān)		1st person	ܫܵܢܝܼ (šānī)		ܫܵܢܲܢ (šānan)
	construct	ܫܵܢ (šān)		2nd person	ܫܵܢܘܼܟ݂ (šānōḵ)	ܫܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ (šānāḵ)	ܫܵܢܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šānawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܵܢܵܐ (šānā)		3rd person	ܫܵܢܹܗ (šānēh)	ܫܵܢܵܗ̇ (šānāh)	ܫܵܢܗܘܿܢ (šānhōn)
plural	absolute	ܫܵܢܝܼ̈ܢ (šānīn)		1st person	ܫܵܢܝܼ̈ (šānī)		ܫܵܢܲܢ̈ (šānan)
	construct	ܫܵܢܲܝ̈ (šānay)		2nd person	ܫܵܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (šānōḵ)	ܫܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (šānāḵ)	ܫܵܢܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šānawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܵܢܹ̈ܐ (šānē)		3rd person	ܫܵܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ (šānūh)	ܫܵܢܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (šānōh)	ܫܵܢܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (šānayhōn)

Proper noun

ܫܵܢܵܐ • (šānā) f

1. a female given name

Etymology 3

From the older form *ܫܢܹܐ (*šnē). Compare Turoyo ܐܷܫ̈ܢܶܐ (ëšne), Classical Syriac ܫ̈ܢܲܝܵܐ (šənayyā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn.neː]

Noun

ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ • (šinnē) f pl

1. plural of ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šētā, “year”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šinn-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃɛnnɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʃɛnne], [ʃɛnnɑθɑ] (plural)

Noun

ܫܢܐ • (šennā) c (plural ܫܢܢܬܐ (šennənāṯā) or ܫܢܬܐ (šennāṯā) or ܫܢܐ (šennē))

1. tooth, fang, tusk
2. axis, epistropheus
3. ivory
4. tooth (of a fork), prong, spike
5. rocky crag, steep cliff, mountain peak
6. age, era

Usage notes

Usually, the plural ܫܢܐ (šennē) is used for the literal sense of “teeth” while the plurals ܫܢܬܐ (šennāṯā) and ܫܢܢܬܐ (šennənāṯā) are used for figurative senses.

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܢܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܢ		1st person	ܫܢܝ		ܫܢܢ
	construct	ܫܢ		2nd person	ܫܢܟ	ܫܢܟܝ	ܫܢܟܘܢ	ܫܢܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܗ	ܫܢܗ	ܫܢܗܘܢ	ܫܢܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܫܢܢܢ ,ܫܢܢ ,ܫܢܝܢ		1st person	ܫܢܢܬܝ ,ܫܢܬܝ ,ܫܢܝ		ܫܢܢܬܢ ,ܫܢܬܢ ,ܫܢܝܢ
	construct	ܫܢܢܬ ,ܫܢܬ ,ܫܢܝ		2nd person	ܫܢܢܬܟ ,ܫܢܬܟ ,ܫܢܝܟ	ܫܢܢܬܟܝ ,ܫܢܬܟܝ ,ܫܢܝܟܝ	ܫܢܢܬܟܘܢ ,ܫܢܬܟܘܢ ,ܫܢܝܟܘܢ	ܫܢܢܬܟܝܢ ,ܫܢܬܟܝܢ ,ܫܢܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܢܬܐ ,ܫܢܬܐ ,ܫܢܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܢܬܗ ,ܫܢܬܗ ,ܫܢܘܗܝ	ܫܢܢܬܗ ,ܫܢܬܗ ,ܫܢܝܗ	ܫܢܢܬܗܘܢ ,ܫܢܬܗܘܢ ,ܫܢܝܗܘܢ	ܫܢܢܬܗܝܢ ,ܫܢܬܗܝܢ ,ܫܢܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܟܟܐ (kakkā)

Etymology 2

From Arabic سَنَاء (sanāʔ, “eminence, highness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃannɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʃanne] (plural)

Noun

ܫܢܐ • (šannā) m (plural ܫܢܐ (šannē))

1. sublimity, great honour

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܢܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܢ		1st person	ܫܢܝ		ܫܢܢ
	construct	ܫܢ		2nd person	ܫܢܟ	ܫܢܟܝ	ܫܢܟܘܢ	ܫܢܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܗ	ܫܢܗ	ܫܢܗܘܢ	ܫܢܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܫܢܝܢ		1st person	ܫܢܝ		ܫܢܝܢ
	construct	ܫܢܝ		2nd person	ܫܢܝܟ	ܫܢܝܟܝ	ܫܢܝܟܘܢ	ܫܢܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܘܗܝ	ܫܢܝܗ	ܫܢܝܗܘܢ	ܫܢܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃ(ə)nɑ]

Noun

ܫܢܐ • (šənā)

1. absolute singular of ܫܢܬܐ (šantā, “year”)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃɛnnɑ]

Noun

ܫܢܐ • (šennā)

1. absolute singular of ܫܢܬܐ (šennəṯā, “sleep”)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃ(ə)ne]

Noun

ܫܢܐ • (šnē)

1. absolute singular of ܫܢܝܐ (šenyā, “madness”)
2. construct state singular of ܫܢܝܐ (šenyā, “madness”)

References

• “šn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Brockelmann, Carl (1928), Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 789a
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 374a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 586a–587a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, page 1577b