ارس

See also: أرش and آرش

Brahui

Etymology

Cognate with Gondi [script needed] (īṛs-, “to comb the hair”), Kurukh [script needed] (ircnā, “to scratch and turn over”), Sawriya Paharia [script needed] (irce, “to scratch the ground”). Bray instead suggests a connection to Tamil உரி (uri, “peel, scratch”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

اِرِس or اِرَس (iris or iras)

1. comb

References

• Bray, Denys (1934), “iris”, in The Brahui Language‎^[1], Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 145
• Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984), “493”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

Brokskat

Verb

اَرِس (aris)

1. to get, to fetch

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫀𐫡𐫘 (ʾrs /⁠ars⁠/, “tear”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔars/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæɹs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]

Readings
Classical reading?	ars
Dari reading?	ars
Iranian reading?	ars
Tajik reading?	ars

Noun

ارس • (ars)

1. (archaic) tear

   Synonym: اشک (ašk)

Etymology 2

From Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbwrs /⁠aburs⁠/), borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā, which has also been inherited as Middle Persian *abuhl, Persian وهل (vohl), ابل (abol), بل (bol), whence via Arabic ابهل (abhol, obhol). Also passed from two Turkic forms as اردج (ardej, “juniper”) and آرچه (ârča). With a suffix to first forms also in برسان (barsân, bersân, “a kind of dark-coloured odoriferous syrup”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔurs/, /ʔa.ˈris/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔuɹs], [ʔu.ɾus]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔoɹs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔuɹs]

Readings
Classical reading?	urs, aris
Dari reading?	urs, irus
Iranian reading?	ors
Tajik reading?	urs

Noun

ارس • (classical urs, aris, iranian ors)

1. juniper

   Synonym: سرو کوهی (sarv-e kuhi)

Alternative forms

• ورس (vors), برس (bors), آرس (āres), اورس (avers), (Deylaman) ابرسک (abarsk)

Etymology 3

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Raxsā- (“swift-flowing”), akin to Sanskrit रङ्घते (raṅghate, “to hasten, run”). Compare Old Armenian Երասխ (Erasx), Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs), Old Georgian რახსი (raxsi), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔa.ˈras/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾás]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾás]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾás]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾás]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.ɹǽs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾás]

Readings
Classical reading?	aras
Dari reading?	aras
Iranian reading?	aras
Tajik reading?	aras

Proper noun

ارس • (aras)

1. Araks, Aras

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠣᠷᠤᠰ᠋ (orus, “Russian”) from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). Compare Uyghur ئورۇس (orus), Uzbek oʻris, Kazakh орыс (orys), Kyrgyz орус (orus).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔu.ˈrus/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.ɾʊ́s]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.ɾʊ́s]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.ɾʊ́s]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔu.ɾús]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔo.ɹós]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔu.ɾús]

Readings
Classical reading?	urus
Dari reading?	urus
Iranian reading?	oros
Tajik reading?	urus

Proper noun

ارس • (urus / oros) (Tajik spelling урус)

1. (archaic) Rus, Russia

   Synonyms: روس (rus), روسیه (rusiye)

Derived terms

• ارسی (urusī / orosi)

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “ارس”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), “ʾbwrs”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 15
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “ارس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1855), “ارس”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 79b