بحران

Arabic

Etymology

From an archaic word البَاحُور (al-bāḥūr, “the moon”, literally “expanding, widening, stretching forth; being expanded, being wide, being stretched forth; being at the full extent, being at the furthest extremities”), likely called for its phases or specifically only when the moon is at its full extent of illumination. Connected to a sudden change of health being linked to the phase of the moon; semantic cognate with Ancient Greek σεληνιάζομαι (selēniázomai, “epilepsy; sudden drastic symptoms with little warning”, literally “moonstruck”), Latin lunaticus, and English lunacy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buħ.raːn/

Noun

بُحْرَان • (buḥrān) m (plural بَحَارِين (baḥārīn))

1. crisis, panic

   Synonym: أَزْمَة (ʔazma)

2. (medicine) crisis

Declension

Declension of noun بُحْرَان (buḥrān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُحْرَان buḥrān	الْبُحْرَان al-buḥrān	بُحْرَان buḥrān
Nominative	بُحْرَانٌ buḥrānun	الْبُحْرَانُ al-buḥrānu	بُحْرَانُ buḥrānu
Accusative	بُحْرَانًا buḥrānan	الْبُحْرَانَ al-buḥrāna	بُحْرَانَ buḥrāna
Genitive	بُحْرَانٍ buḥrānin	الْبُحْرَانِ al-buḥrāni	بُحْرَانِ buḥrāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُحْرَانَيْن buḥrānayn	الْبُحْرَانَيْن al-buḥrānayn	بُحْرَانَيْ buḥrānay
Nominative	بُحْرَانَانِ buḥrānāni	الْبُحْرَانَانِ al-buḥrānāni	بُحْرَانَا buḥrānā
Accusative	بُحْرَانَيْنِ buḥrānayni	الْبُحْرَانَيْنِ al-buḥrānayni	بُحْرَانَيْ buḥrānay
Genitive	بُحْرَانَيْنِ buḥrānayni	الْبُحْرَانَيْنِ al-buḥrānayni	بُحْرَانَيْ buḥrānay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَحَارِين baḥārīn	الْبَحَارِين al-baḥārīn	بَحَارِين baḥārīn
Nominative	بَحَارِينُ baḥārīnu	الْبَحَارِينُ al-baḥārīnu	بَحَارِينُ baḥārīnu
Accusative	بَحَارِينَ baḥārīna	الْبَحَارِينَ al-baḥārīna	بَحَارِينَ baḥārīna
Genitive	بَحَارِينَ baḥārīna	الْبَحَارِينِ al-baḥārīni	بَحَارِينِ baḥārīni

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: böhran
• → Classical Persian: بحران (buḥrān)
• → Middle Armenian: բուհրան (buhran), բուրհան (burhan), բուհրայն (buhrayn), պուրհան (purhan), պուհրան (puhran), պահրան (pahran), պոհրան (pohran), պոխրան (poxran)
• → Ottoman Turkish: بحران (buhran)
  • Turkish: buhran

References

• Freytag, Georg (1830) “بحران”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 88
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بحران”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 89
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بحران”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 157
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بحران”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 67

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic بُحْران (buḥrān, “crisis”)

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ân

Dari	بحران
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бӯҳрон

Noun

بحران • (bohrân)

1. crisis

   بحران اقتصادی ― bohrân-e eqtesâdi ― financial crisis

   بحران بدهی ― bohrân-e bedehi ― debt crisis

   بحران بین‌المللی ― bohrân-e beyn-olmelali ― international crisis

   بحران سیاسی ― bohrân-e siyâsi ― political crisis