ترنج

Arabic

Alternative forms

• أُتْرُنْج (ʔutrunj), أُتْرُجّ (ʔutrujj)

Etymology

From أُتْرُنْج (ʔutrunj), with epenthesis instead of prothesis, from Aramaic אַתְרוּגָּא (ʾaṯruggā, ʾaṯrungā), from Old Persian [script needed] (turung), from Sanskrit मातुलुङ्ग (mātuluṅga). Cognate to Classical Syriac ܐܛܪܘܓܐ (ʾaṭruggā, ʾaṭrungā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu.rund͡ʒ/
• (Baḥrain) IPA^(key): /trind͡ʒ/

Noun

تُرُنْج • (turunj) m (collective, singulative تُرُنْجَة f (turunja))

1. citron (Citrus medica fruit and tree)
2. mandorla, citrus-shape for a center-medallion, or the medallion itself

Declension

Declension of noun تُرُنْج (turunj)

collective	basic collective triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تُرُنْج turunj	التُّرُنْج at-turunj	تُرُنْج turunj
nominative	تُرُنْجٌ turunjun	التُّرُنْجُ at-turunju	تُرُنْجُ turunju
accusative	تُرُنْجًا turunjan	التُّرُنْجَ at-turunja	تُرُنْجَ turunja
genitive	تُرُنْجٍ turunjin	التُّرُنْجِ at-turunji	تُرُنْجِ turunji
singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تُرُنْجَة turunja	التُّرُنْجَة at-turunja	تُرُنْجَة turunjat
nominative	تُرُنْجَةٌ turunjatun	التُّرُنْجَةُ at-turunjatu	تُرُنْجَةُ turunjatu
accusative	تُرُنْجَةً turunjatan	التُّرُنْجَةَ at-turunjata	تُرُنْجَةَ turunjata
genitive	تُرُنْجَةٍ turunjatin	التُّرُنْجَةِ at-turunjati	تُرُنْجَةِ turunjati
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تُرُنْجَتَيْن turunjatayn	التُّرُنْجَتَيْن at-turunjatayn	تُرُنْجَتَيْ turunjatay
nominative	تُرُنْجَتَانِ turunjatāni	التُّرُنْجَتَانِ at-turunjatāni	تُرُنْجَتَا turunjatā
accusative	تُرُنْجَتَيْنِ turunjatayni	التُّرُنْجَتَيْنِ at-turunjatayni	تُرُنْجَتَيْ turunjatay
genitive	تُرُنْجَتَيْنِ turunjatayni	التُّرُنْجَتَيْنِ at-turunjatayni	تُرُنْجَتَيْ turunjatay
paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تُرُنْجَات turunjāt	التُّرُنْجَات at-turunjāt	تُرُنْجَات turunjāt
nominative	تُرُنْجَاتٌ turunjātun	التُّرُنْجَاتُ at-turunjātu	تُرُنْجَاتُ turunjātu
accusative	تُرُنْجَاتٍ turunjātin	التُّرُنْجَاتِ at-turunjāti	تُرُنْجَاتِ turunjāti
genitive	تُرُنْجَاتٍ turunjātin	التُّرُنْجَاتِ at-turunjāti	تُرُنْجَاتِ turunjāti

Derived terms

• تُرُنْجِيّ (turunjiyy)
• تُرُنْجَان (turunjān)

Descendants

• Maltese: tronġ
• Moroccan Arabic: ترنج (trunj)
• → Amharic: ትርንጎ (tərəngo)
• → Middle Armenian: թուրինջ (tʻurinǰ)
  • Armenian: թուրինջ (tʻurinǰ)
• → Catalan: taronja
• → Ge'ez: ትርንጐ (tərəngʷä)
• → Middle Georgian: თურინჯი (turinǯi)
  • Georgian: თურინჯი (turinǯi), თრუნჯი (trunǯi)
• → Classical Persian: ترنج (turunj)
  • → Gujarati: તુરુંજ (turuñj), તુરંજ (turañj)
• → Portuguese: toranja, toronja
• → Spanish: toronja
• → Sicilian: taroccu
• → Tigre: ትርንጎ (tərəngo), ትሩንጎ (tərungo)
• → Tigrinya: ትርንጒ (tərəngʷi)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ترنج (turunç, türünç), تورونج (turunç, türünç), تورنج (turunç, türünç)
  • Turkish: turunç

Baluchi

Noun

ترنج • (trunj)

1. citron

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Aramaic אַתְרוּגָּא (ʾaṯruggā, ʾaṯrungā)bor.

Arabic أُتْرُنْج (ʔutrunj)

Arabic تُرُنْج (turunj)

Moroccan Arabic ترنج

Inherited from Arabic تُرُنْج (turunj), from أُتْرُنْج (ʔutrunj), borrowed from Aramaic אַתְרוּגָּא (ʾaṯruggā, ʾaṯrungā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /trunʒ/

Noun

ترنج • (trunj) m (collective, singulative ترنجة f (trunja), paucal ترنجات (trunjāt))

1. bitter orange

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• تورونج (turunç, türünç), تورنج (turunç, türünç)

Etymology

From Arabic تُرُنْج (turunj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tuˈɾunt͡ʃ], [tʏˈɾʏnt͡ʃ]

Noun

ترنج • (turunç, türünç)

1. bitter orange

Related terms

• ترنجی (türünci, turuncu)

Descendants

• Turkish: turunç

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “ترنج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[1], Vienna, column 1162
• Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866), “ترنج”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 280

Persian

FWOTD – 25 May 2017

Etymology

From Arabic تُرُنْج (turunj), itself from Old Persian [script needed] (turung) via Aramaic, ultimately from Sanskrit मातुलुङ्ग (mātuluṅga).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /tu.ˈrund͡ʒ/, /tu.ˈrand͡ʒ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊnd͡ʒ], [t̪ʰʊ.ɾänd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊnd͡ʒ], [t̪ʰʊ.ɾänd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊnd͡ʒ], [t̪ʰʊ.ɾänd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰu.ɾund͡ʒ̥], [t̪ʰu.ɾänd͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰo.ɹond͡ʒ̥], [t̪ʰo.ɹænd͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰu.ɾund͡ʒ], [t̪ʰu.ɾänd͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	turunj, turanj
Dari reading?	turunj, turanj
Iranian reading?	toronj, toranj
Tajik reading?	turunj, turanj

Noun

ترنج • (turunj / toronj) (Tajik spelling турунҷ)

1. citron (fruit)

   Synonym: بادرنگ (bâdrang)

2. (art) medallion created using rich arabesque patterns usually found in some artworks, especially that of a (Persian) carpet, an illuminated manuscript, or in Islamic tiles
   • Resalat Newspaper, [2]

     ترنج باید در مرکز فرش قرار گیرد

     toranj bâyad dar markaz-e farš qarâr girad

     The medallion should be placed in the center of carpet [...]

   • Goljaam Quarterly [3]

     بررسی نقش نمادین ترنج در فرش ایرانی

     barresi-ye naqš-e namâdin-e toranj dar farš-e irâni

     On the Symbolic Role of Medallion in Persian Carpet

Derived terms

• ترنجیدن (turunjīdan / toronjidan)
• ترنجی (turunjī / toronji)

Descendants

• → Gujarati: તુરુંજ (turuñj), તુરંજ (turañj)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “ترنج”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• بررسي ريشه شناختي چند فعل هورامي