توبره

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian *tōbrag (“bag, sack”), cognate with Sanskrit टोपर (ṭopara, “a small bag”). Compare Middle Armenian տոպրակ (toprak, “sack”), Arabic طَرْبُوق (ṭarbūq, “legging”), Classical Syriac ܛܽܘܒܪܰܩܐ (ṭūḇarqā, “nosebag of an ass”), Middle Iranian borrowings. See also Classical Persian (tarbō, “a kind of silken cloth of red colour”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /toːb.ˈra/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoːb.ɾá]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoːb.ɾá]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊːb.ɾá]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuːb.ɹé]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɵb.ɾá]

Readings
Classical reading^?	tōbra
Dari reading^?	tōbra
Iranian reading^?	tubre
Tajik reading^?	tübra

Noun

توبره • (tōbra / tubre) (plural توبره‌ها (tōbra-hā / tubre-hâ), Tajik spelling тӯбра)

bag, sack

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: torba
→ Ottoman Turkish: طوربه (torba), توبره (tobra), طوبره (tobra), طوربا (torba)
- Turkish: torba
- → Bulgarian: торба́ (torbá)
- → Macedonian: торба (torba)
- → Polish: torba
  - → Czech: torba
  - → Slovak: torba
- → Romanian: tolbă
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: то́рба
  Latin script: tórba
- → Slovene: tọ̑rba
- → Ukrainian: то́рба (tórba)
→ Georgian: თოფრა (topra), თორბა (torba) (dialectal)
- →? Bats: თოფრ (topr)

References

Brockelmann, Carl (1928), Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 268
Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008), Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag
Doerfer, Gerhard (1965), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎^[2] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 592–596
Lagarde, Paul de (1866), Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 48 Nr. 123
Rundgren, Frithiof (1957), “Über einige iranische Lehnwörter im Lateinischen und Griechischen”, in Orientalia Suecana‎^[3], volume 6, pages 64–65
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “توبره”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 333
Vullers, Johann August (1855), “تُوبَرَه”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 476a–b
Vullers, Johann August (1855), “تَرْبو”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[5] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 431b
Vullers, Johann August (1855), “تَرْغو”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[6] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 435b
Vullers, Johann August (1855), “تَرْقو”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[7] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 436b