ريحان

See also: ریحان

Arabic

رَيْحَان – Ocimum basilicum

رَيْحَان - Myrtus communis

Etymology

رِيح (rīḥ, “scent, odor”) +‎ ـَان (-ān).

Noun

رَيْحَان • (rayḥān) m (collective, singulative رَيْحَانَة f (rayḥāna), plural رَيَاحِين (rayāḥīn))

1. (obsolete) fragrant plant, aromatic herb
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 55:10-12:

     وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَامِ / فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَٱلنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ ٱلْأَكْمَامِ / وَٱلْحَبُّ ذُو ٱلْعَصْفِ وَٱلرَّيْحَانُ

     wal-ʔarḍa waḍaʕahā lilʔanāmi / fīhā fākihatun wan-naḵlu ḏātu l-ʔakmāmi / wal-ḥabbu ḏū l-ʕaṣfi war-rayḥānu

     And the earth has He spread out for all living beings, with fruit thereon, and palm trees with sheathed clusters [of dates], and grain growing tall on its stalks, and sweet-smelling plants.

2. basil (Ocimum gen. et spp.)

   Synonym: حَبَق (ḥabaq)

3. (dated) myrtle (Myrtus gen. et spp.)
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 383–384:

     والكتم قال أبو الخير هو ثلاثة أنواع منها ما له ورق عريض مثل ورق الآس الذي ينبت في الشعرى وهو يعلو كثيرا ويأخذ من التدويح وورقه مشرفة مثل تشريف المنشار ومنه توع آخر له ورق دون الأول في العرض وتعظم شجرته أيضا وله حب في قدر حب الفلفل والريحان ويعتصر منه دهن يستصبح به ونوع آخر له ورق طويل دقيق مثل ورق المسان وقيل إن مما جرب فصح إنه إن سقى من عصارة ورقه ثمانية دراهم لمن عضه الكلب فإنه يبرئ في ذلك اليوم ويخلص بإذن الله تعالى وأن فزع من الماء فإنه يبرئ والكتم هو شبيه للحناء ويجفف ورقه ويدق نعما ويخلط بالحناء وخضب به الشعر.

     About the mock privet says Abū al-Ḵayr that there are three kinds of it: The first has wide leaves similar to the leaves of the myrtle which grows in the maquis and it becomes very high and swollen and its leaves are humped like a saw, the second has leaves of lesser width but its tree is also poddy and its seeds are of the size of the seeds of peppers and myrtles and from them one can press oil for lighting, and another kind has long delicate leaves like sandpaper and it is said if someone is affected by scabies then he will regain health, that if he whom a dog has bitten drinks eight dirhem from the extract of its leaves he will becomes free from the ailment the same day and cleansed of it if God is gracious; so that he will fear water but he will be free of the pest. Mock privet is similar to henna and one dries its leaves and crushes them well and mixes with henna and dyes the hair with it.

   Synonyms: آس (ʔās), مَرْسِين (marsīn), هَدَس (hadas), قُمَام (qumām)

Declension

Declension of noun رَيْحَان (rayḥān)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَيْحَان rayḥān	الرَّيْحَان ar-rayḥān	رَيْحَان rayḥān
Nominative	رَيْحَانٌ rayḥānun	الرَّيْحَانُ ar-rayḥānu	رَيْحَانُ rayḥānu
Accusative	رَيْحَانًا rayḥānan	الرَّيْحَانَ ar-rayḥāna	رَيْحَانَ rayḥāna
Genitive	رَيْحَانٍ rayḥānin	الرَّيْحَانِ ar-rayḥāni	رَيْحَانِ rayḥāni
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَيْحَانَة rayḥāna	الرَّيْحَانَة ar-rayḥāna	رَيْحَانَة rayḥānat
Nominative	رَيْحَانَةٌ rayḥānatun	الرَّيْحَانَةُ ar-rayḥānatu	رَيْحَانَةُ rayḥānatu
Accusative	رَيْحَانَةً rayḥānatan	الرَّيْحَانَةَ ar-rayḥānata	رَيْحَانَةَ rayḥānata
Genitive	رَيْحَانَةٍ rayḥānatin	الرَّيْحَانَةِ ar-rayḥānati	رَيْحَانَةِ rayḥānati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَيْحَانَتَيْن rayḥānatayn	الرَّيْحَانَتَيْن ar-rayḥānatayn	رَيْحَانَتَيْ rayḥānatay
Nominative	رَيْحَانَتَانِ rayḥānatāni	الرَّيْحَانَتَانِ ar-rayḥānatāni	رَيْحَانَتَا rayḥānatā
Accusative	رَيْحَانَتَيْنِ rayḥānatayni	الرَّيْحَانَتَيْنِ ar-rayḥānatayni	رَيْحَانَتَيْ rayḥānatay
Genitive	رَيْحَانَتَيْنِ rayḥānatayni	الرَّيْحَانَتَيْنِ ar-rayḥānatayni	رَيْحَانَتَيْ rayḥānatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَيْحَانَات rayḥānāt	الرَّيْحَانَات ar-rayḥānāt	رَيْحَانَات rayḥānāt
Nominative	رَيْحَانَاتٌ rayḥānātun	الرَّيْحَانَاتُ ar-rayḥānātu	رَيْحَانَاتُ rayḥānātu
Accusative	رَيْحَانَاتٍ rayḥānātin	الرَّيْحَانَاتِ ar-rayḥānāti	رَيْحَانَاتِ rayḥānāti
Genitive	رَيْحَانَاتٍ rayḥānātin	الرَّيْحَانَاتِ ar-rayḥānāti	رَيْحَانَاتِ rayḥānāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَيَاحِين rayāḥīn	الرَّيَاحِين ar-rayāḥīn	رَيَاحِين rayāḥīn
Nominative	رَيَاحِينُ rayāḥīnu	الرَّيَاحِينُ ar-rayāḥīnu	رَيَاحِينُ rayāḥīnu
Accusative	رَيَاحِينَ rayāḥīna	الرَّيَاحِينَ ar-rayāḥīna	رَيَاحِينَ rayāḥīna
Genitive	رَيَاحِينَ rayāḥīna	الرَّيَاحِينِ ar-rayāḥīni	رَيَاحِينِ rayāḥīni

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: reyhan
• → Georgian: რეჰანი (rehani)
• → Northern Kurdish: riḧan, rihan, rehan, reyhan, rêhan, rêhane
• → Middle Armenian: ռահան (ṙahan), ըռահան (əṙahan), ռէհան (ṙēhan)
  • Armenian: ռեհան (ṙehan), ռէհան (ṙēhan); րէ՛հան (rḗhan); ըռեհան (əṙehan); ըռեհան (əṙehan); ըռահան (əṙahan); ռա̈՛հա̈ն (ṙä́hän); ռըհա̈ն (ṙəhän); ըռըհա (əṙəha); ըռհան (əṙhan); ըռհա̈ն (əṙhän); ռէյհան (ṙēyhan); ըռեյին (əṙeyin); րա̈հա̈ն (rähän); ըռահօն (əṙahōn), ըռահոն (əṙahon); ըռռիհուն (əṙṙihun)
    • → Udi: ираьгьаьн (irähän)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ریحان (reyhan; Reyhan), ریاحین pl (reyahin)
  • Turkish: reyhan, Reyhan
• → Persian: ریحان (reyhân; Reyhân), ریاحین pl (rayâhin), ریحانه (Reyhâne)
• → Somali: reexaan
• → Spanish: arrayán
• → Swahili: mrehani

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “ريحان”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 207}}

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Hijazi Arabic

ريحان

Etymology

From Arabic رَيْحَان (rayḥān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reːħaːn/, /riːħaːn/

Noun

ريحان • (rēḥān or rīḥān) m (plural رَياحين ‎(rayāḥīn))

1. basil

See also

• حَبَق (ḥabag, “Ocimum (taxonomic plant genus)”)

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Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic رَيْحَان (rayḥān)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /riːħaːn/

Noun

ريحان • (rīḥān) m

1. myrtle