سَپدُن

Kashmiri

Alternative forms

• سَپزُن (sapzun)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit सम्पद्यते (sámpadyate, “to be produced, be brought forth, be born, arise”), from सम्- (sam-) + पद् (pad, “to go”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to walk”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sapdun/, /sapadun/

Verb

سَپدُن • (sapdun) (Devanagari सपदुन)

1. to happen, to occur, to take place, to become, to be; (of some work) to be made, finished, completed or done
   • 1960, “گۄڈٕ کَتھ [Foreword]”, in کٲشِر شٲعری [Kashmiri poetry]‎^[1], New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, page 24:

     اَما پۆز یَلہِ ڈۆگرٕ عَہدَس مَنٛز اُردوٗ تہٕ اَنٛگریزی عام ہیٛۆتُن سَپدُن [...]

     amā poz yali ḍogrụ ʿahdas manz urdū tụ angrēzī ʿām hyotun sapdun [...]

     Even though during the Dogra era, Urdu and English began becoming common [...]

   • 1984, S. K. Kaul, “نیٖلہٕ مَت پُران [Nilamata Purana]”, in کٔشیٖرِ ہٕنٛدؠ تَوٲریٖخ دان [Historians of Kashmir]‎^[2], page 21:

     وُچھنہٕ چھُ آمُت زِ یێلہِ کانٛہہ بِدیسی بادشاہَت کُنہِ مُلکَس پؠٹھ قٲیِم چھےٚ سَپدان امیُک نۆو بادشاہ چھُ اَتھ جایہِ مُتلِق تَوٲریٖخی حالاتھ زانُن یَژھان۔

     vuchnụ chu āmut zi yeli kānhh bidēsī bādśāhat kuni mulkas pyaṭh qạ̄yim che sapdān āmyuk nov bādśāh chu ath jāyi mutliq tavạ̄rīkhī hālāth zānun yaċhān

     It has been seen that whenever a foreign empire becomes dominant over a nation, its new emperor wants to know the historical details of that place.

   • 2007, Jaishree Kak, Mystical verses of Lallā‎^[3], →ISBN, page 187:

     رازٕ ہَمٕس ٲسِتھ سَپدُکھ کۆلٕے
     کُستام ژۆلُے کیٛاہ تام ہؠتھ
     گرَٛٹہٕ گَو بَنٛد تَے گرَٛٹَن ہیٛۆت گۆلُے
     گرَٛٹہٕ وول ژۆلُے پھَل پھۆل ہؠتھ

     rāzụ hamụs ạ̄sith sapdukh kolụē
     kustām ċoluy kyāhtām hyath
     graṭụ gav band tay graṭan hyot goluy
     graṭụ vōl ċoluy phal phol hyath
     

     You have become mute, as though a royal swan
     Somebody took something and ran away;
     The mill stopped and its channel got choked
     The miller ran away taking the grain

   • 2012, Sarvanand Kaul Premi, “اَشُومیدھ جَگ [Ashwamedha Yajna]”, in کوشُر رامایَن [Kashmiri Ramayana]‎^[4], New Delhi: Sigma Enterprises, page 22:

     ژےٚ چھُے یُس شوٗک رۆٹمُت دوٗر سَپدی
     مَنو کامَن ژےٚ اَمہِ سٟتؠ پوٗرٕ سَپدی

     ċe chuy yus śūk roṭmut dūr sapdī
     manō kāman ċe ami sụ̄t' pūrụ sapdī

     Your mind's desire will be completed
     Whatever grief you have will be pushed away

   • (Can we date this quote?), “رؠڈ کرٛاس [Red Cross]”, in Dr. Sheikh Bashir Ahmad, کٲشِر کِتاب اوٗٹھمہِ جَمٲژ باپَتھ [Kashmiri textbook for the eight grade]‎^[5], Srinagar: The Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education, page 45:

     امِچ کٲم أس جَنگَن مَنٛز سَپدَن واجِنہِ تَبٲہی ہُنٛد مُقابلہٕ کَرنہٕ عَلاوٕ وُجارٕ گٲمتؠن لوٗکَن ہٕنٛز نَوِ سَرٕ بَحٲلؠ تہٕ بَجٲیی خٲطرٕ اِنتِظام کَرُن۔

     aاmic kạ̄m ạs jangan manz sapdan vājini tabạ̄hī hund muqāblụ karnụ ʿalāvụ vujārụ gạ̄mtyan lūkan hụnz navi sarụ bahạ̄l' tụ bajạ̄ī khạ̄trụ intizām karun.

     It's work was, alongside combating the destruction that occurs in war, to arrange for a new life for those affected by war.

   • 2019 December 1, Bhushan Kaul "Deep", “दऺपिथ कऻशुर तॖ कथ-बाथ [Spoken Kashmiri and conversation]”, in https://koshursabak.blogspot.com:

     [...] چھُ باسان زِ تِمَو تہِ چھُ وۄنؠ پَنٕنؠ ۂتھؠ یار ترٛوومُت تہٕ مونمُت زِ یہِ چھُ سَپدان تہِ چھُ ٹھیٖکھ سَپدان۔

     [...] chu bāsān zi timav ti chu vọn' panụn' hạth'yār trōvmut tụ mōnmut zi yi chu sapdān ti chu ṭhīkh sapdān.

     [...] it seems as though they have cast away their weapons and assumed that whatever happens, happens for the best.

References

• S. K. Toshakhani, Mohiuddin Hajni, Prithvi Nath Pushp, Mirza Ghulam Hassan Beg Arif, Ghulam Nabi Gowhar (1968-1980) Kashir Dictionary Vol 4‎^[6] (in Kashmiri), volume 4, Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, page 138
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sapadun”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 750
• Omkar N. Koul, Kashi Wali (2006) Modern Kashmiri Grammar‎^[7], Springfield: Dunwoody Press, page 212
• Grierson, George Abraham (1932) “سَپدُن”, in A dictionary of the Kashmiri language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, page 925