ش و ب

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from the Aramaic root שׁ־ו־ב / ܫ-ܘ-ܒ (š-w-b), an archaic variant of the root ת־ו־ב / ܬ-ܘ-ܒ (t-w-b) “to return, to turn away” passed as تَابَ (tāba, “to repent”) and cognates with Arabic ثَابَ (ṯāba, “to return”) attested in meanings of “being hot; desiccating heat; (hot) blast”, which well can be connected to meanings of “blending, mixing”, both strains of meanings necessarily present in the idea of an alloy أُشَابَة (ʔušāba) as metals only fuse when smelted by heat and beyond herbalism and alchemy trivially connected in any field kitchen, being shared by the English ideas of cooking, concoction, strains of meanings which relate to the “returning” meanings via the notions of drawing, putting one ingredient into another or energy from one place to the other, meanings also more abstractly attested for Arabic as “to ward off” and as in the ideas of treason and disloyalty making man go off course figuratively as “to be untrustworthy”.

Root

ش و ب • (š-w-b)

1. related to drawing off, deviating, making go off course
2. related to mixture
3. related to hot temperature

Derived terms

• Form I: شَابَ (šāba, “to mix; to adulterate, to vitiate, to spoil; to be untrustworthy; to ward off (from evil)”)
  • Verbal noun: شَوْب (šawb)
  • Active participle: شَائِب (šāʔib)
  • Passive participle: مَشُوب (mašūb)
• Form II: شَوَّبَ (šawwaba, “to ward off; to tan, to heat up at the outside”)
  • Verbal noun: تَشْوِيب (tašwīb)
  • Active participle: مُشَوِّب (mušawwib)
  • Passive participle: مُشَوَّب (mušawwab)
• Form III: شَاوَبَ (šāwaba, “to be immixed”)
  • Verbal noun: مُشَاوَبَة (mušāwaba), شِوَاب (šiwāb)
  • Active participle: مُشَاوِب (mušāwib)
  • Passive participle: مُشَاوَب (mušāwab)
• Form VIII: اِشْتَابَ (ištāba, “to be mixed”)
  • Verbal noun: اِشْتِيَاب (ištiyāb)
  • Active participle: مُشْتَاب (muštāb)

• شَوْب (šawb, “mixture; vitiation, flaw; heat; roiling; hot wind, simoom; dreadful thirst in the desert”)
• شَائِبَة (šāʔiba, “dirt, ordure; stain, flaw; suspicion, moment of doubt”)
• شِيَاب (šiyāb), شِيَابَة (šiyāba, “admixture, what is blended into another thing”)
• شَوْبَة (šawba, “deceit, delusion, circumvention”)
• أُشَابَة (ʔušāba, “alloy”)
• unclear whether شُؤْبُوب (šuʔbūb, “downpour”) from the idea of rain immixing or from ش ب ب (š-b-b) due to ideas of briskness and jumping

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ش و ب”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 797b–798a
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “ش و ب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 462b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ش و ب”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 1284a–b
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ش و ب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 562a
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ش و ب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[5], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1615a–c
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ش و ب”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 681b–682a
• “twb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “šwb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “šwb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–