صوم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Compare with Hebrew צוֹם (ṣōm), Ge'ez ጾም (ṣom, “fast”), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎎 (ẓm, “fast”). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is borrowed from the Aramaic צומא / ܨܰܘܡܳܐ (ṣōmā, ṣawmā, “fast”), referring to the verb’s meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages. Cognate with Armenian ծոմ (com, “fast”) from Aramaic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤawm/

Noun

صَوْم • (ṣawm) m

1. verbal noun of صَامَ (ṣāma) (form I)
   1. fast, sawm (period of abstainment, usually from food and drink)

Declension

Declension of noun صَوْم (ṣawm)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	صَوْم ṣawm	الصَّوْم aṣ-ṣawm	صَوْم ṣawm
nominative	صَوْمٌ ṣawmun	الصَّوْمُ aṣ-ṣawmu	صَوْمُ ṣawmu
accusative	صَوْمًا ṣawman	الصَّوْمَ aṣ-ṣawma	صَوْمَ ṣawma
genitive	صَوْمٍ ṣawmin	الصَّوْمِ aṣ-ṣawmi	صَوْمِ ṣawmi

Synonyms

• صِيَام (ṣiyām)

Related terms

• صَلَاة (ṣalāh, “prayer, salat”)
• زَكَاة (zakāh, “almsgiving, zakat”)
• دُعَاء (duʕāʔ, “supplication, du'a'”)

Descendants

• Maltese: sawm

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833), “صوم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 534
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938), The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 201–202
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “صوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910), Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[2] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 36

Etymology 2

Verb form II from the root ص و م (ṣ w m).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤaw.wa.ma/

Verb

صَوَّمَ • (ṣawwama) II (non-past يُصَوِّمُ (yuṣawwimu), verbal noun تَصْوِيم (taṣwīm))

1. to cause to fast

Conjugation

Conjugation of صَوَّمَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَصْوِيم)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَصْوِيم taṣwīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُصَوِّم muṣawwim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُصَوَّم muṣawwam
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صَوَّمْتُ ṣawwamtu	صَوَّمْتَ ṣawwamta	صَوَّمَ ṣawwama		صَوَّمْتُمَا ṣawwamtumā	صَوَّمَا ṣawwamā		صَوَّمْنَا ṣawwamnā	صَوَّمْتُمْ ṣawwamtum	صَوَّمُوا ṣawwamū
	f		صَوَّمْتِ ṣawwamti	صَوَّمَتْ ṣawwamat			صَوَّمَتَا ṣawwamatā			صَوَّمْتُنَّ ṣawwamtunna	صَوَّمْنَ ṣawwamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَوِّمُ ʔuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمُ tuṣawwimu	يُصَوِّمُ yuṣawwimu		تُصَوِّمَانِ tuṣawwimāni	يُصَوِّمَانِ yuṣawwimāni		نُصَوِّمُ nuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمُونَ tuṣawwimūna	يُصَوِّمُونَ yuṣawwimūna
	f		تُصَوِّمِينَ tuṣawwimīna	تُصَوِّمُ tuṣawwimu			تُصَوِّمَانِ tuṣawwimāni			تُصَوِّمْنَ tuṣawwimna	يُصَوِّمْنَ yuṣawwimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَوِّمَ ʔuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمَ tuṣawwima	يُصَوِّمَ yuṣawwima		تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	يُصَوِّمَا yuṣawwimā		نُصَوِّمَ nuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمُوا tuṣawwimū	يُصَوِّمُوا yuṣawwimū
	f		تُصَوِّمِي tuṣawwimī	تُصَوِّمَ tuṣawwima			تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā			تُصَوِّمْنَ tuṣawwimna	يُصَوِّمْنَ yuṣawwimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَوِّمْ ʔuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمْ tuṣawwim	يُصَوِّمْ yuṣawwim		تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	يُصَوِّمَا yuṣawwimā		نُصَوِّمْ nuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمُوا tuṣawwimū	يُصَوِّمُوا yuṣawwimū
	f		تُصَوِّمِي tuṣawwimī	تُصَوِّمْ tuṣawwim			تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā			تُصَوِّمْنَ tuṣawwimna	يُصَوِّمْنَ yuṣawwimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		صَوِّمْ ṣawwim			صَوِّمَا ṣawwimā				صَوِّمُوا ṣawwimū
	f		صَوِّمِي ṣawwimī							صَوِّمْنَ ṣawwimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صُوِّمْتُ ṣuwwimtu	صُوِّمْتَ ṣuwwimta	صُوِّمَ ṣuwwima		صُوِّمْتُمَا ṣuwwimtumā	صُوِّمَا ṣuwwimā		صُوِّمْنَا ṣuwwimnā	صُوِّمْتُمْ ṣuwwimtum	صُوِّمُوا ṣuwwimū
	f		صُوِّمْتِ ṣuwwimti	صُوِّمَتْ ṣuwwimat			صُوِّمَتَا ṣuwwimatā			صُوِّمْتُنَّ ṣuwwimtunna	صُوِّمْنَ ṣuwwimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَوَّمُ ʔuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمُ tuṣawwamu	يُصَوَّمُ yuṣawwamu		تُصَوَّمَانِ tuṣawwamāni	يُصَوَّمَانِ yuṣawwamāni		نُصَوَّمُ nuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمُونَ tuṣawwamūna	يُصَوَّمُونَ yuṣawwamūna
	f		تُصَوَّمِينَ tuṣawwamīna	تُصَوَّمُ tuṣawwamu			تُصَوَّمَانِ tuṣawwamāni			تُصَوَّمْنَ tuṣawwamna	يُصَوَّمْنَ yuṣawwamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَوَّمَ ʔuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمَ tuṣawwama	يُصَوَّمَ yuṣawwama		تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	يُصَوَّمَا yuṣawwamā		نُصَوَّمَ nuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمُوا tuṣawwamū	يُصَوَّمُوا yuṣawwamū
	f		تُصَوَّمِي tuṣawwamī	تُصَوَّمَ tuṣawwama			تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā			تُصَوَّمْنَ tuṣawwamna	يُصَوَّمْنَ yuṣawwamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَوَّمْ ʔuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمْ tuṣawwam	يُصَوَّمْ yuṣawwam		تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	يُصَوَّمَا yuṣawwamā		نُصَوَّمْ nuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمُوا tuṣawwamū	يُصَوَّمُوا yuṣawwamū
	f		تُصَوَّمِي tuṣawwamī	تُصَوَّمْ tuṣawwam			تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā			تُصَوَّمْنَ tuṣawwamna	يُصَوَّمْنَ yuṣawwamna

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ص و م
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤoːm/, [sˤo̞ːm]

Noun

صوم • (ṣōm) m

1. fast (abstainment, usually from food and drink)

   Synonym: صِيَام (ṣiyām)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ص و م
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm). Equivalent to the verbal noun of صام (ṣām, “to fast”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤoːm/, [sˤoːm]

• Audio (Ramallah):

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Noun

صوم • (ṣōm) m

1. fast (abstainment, usually from food and drink)

   Synonym: صيام (ṣyām)