طاعون
Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of the root ط ع ن (ṭ-ʕ-n). The pattern suggests a borrowing from Classical Syriac ܛܳܥܘܿܢܳܐ (ṭāʿōnā) from ܛܥܷܢ (ṭʿen, “to carry”), related to Arabic ظَعَنَ (ẓaʕana, “to depart”), though the Syriac is not known to mean a disease but “carrier”. The semantic evolution would either be via “to carry as a burden, to endure“ with the ailment understood as hardship, or via “transport” developing the meaning of transmission, the plague being transmitted quickly by vectors. Compare also the other Arabic name of the disease, مُوتَان (mūtān) from another Semitic language.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]طَاعُون • (ṭāʕūn) m (plural طَوَاعِين (ṭawāʕīn))
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | طَاعُون ṭāʕūn |
الطَّاعُون aṭ-ṭāʕūn |
طَاعُون ṭāʕūn |
Nominative | طَاعُونٌ ṭāʕūnun |
الطَّاعُونُ aṭ-ṭāʕūnu |
طَاعُونُ ṭāʕūnu |
Accusative | طَاعُونًا ṭāʕūnan |
الطَّاعُونَ aṭ-ṭāʕūna |
طَاعُونَ ṭāʕūna |
Genitive | طَاعُونٍ ṭāʕūnin |
الطَّاعُونِ aṭ-ṭāʕūni |
طَاعُونِ ṭāʕūni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | طَاعُونَيْن ṭāʕūnayn |
الطَّاعُونَيْن aṭ-ṭāʕūnayn |
طَاعُونَيْ ṭāʕūnay |
Nominative | طَاعُونَانِ ṭāʕūnāni |
الطَّاعُونَانِ aṭ-ṭāʕūnāni |
طَاعُونَا ṭāʕūnā |
Accusative | طَاعُونَيْنِ ṭāʕūnayni |
الطَّاعُونَيْنِ aṭ-ṭāʕūnayni |
طَاعُونَيْ ṭāʕūnay |
Genitive | طَاعُونَيْنِ ṭāʕūnayni |
الطَّاعُونَيْنِ aṭ-ṭāʕūnayni |
طَاعُونَيْ ṭāʕūnay |
Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | طَوَاعِين ṭawāʕīn |
الطَّوَاعِين aṭ-ṭawāʕīn |
طَوَاعِين ṭawāʕīn |
Nominative | طَوَاعِينُ ṭawāʕīnu |
الطَّوَاعِينُ aṭ-ṭawāʕīnu |
طَوَاعِينُ ṭawāʕīnu |
Accusative | طَوَاعِينَ ṭawāʕīna |
الطَّوَاعِينَ aṭ-ṭawāʕīna |
طَوَاعِينَ ṭawāʕīna |
Genitive | طَوَاعِينَ ṭawāʕīna |
الطَّوَاعِينِ aṭ-ṭawāʕīni |
طَوَاعِينِ ṭawāʕīni |
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: taun
- → Malay: taun
- Indonesian: taun
- → Medieval Latin: althaum, althoin
- → Ottoman Turkish: طاعون (taʼun)
- Turkish: taun
- → Persian: طاعون
- → Uzbek: toun
References
[edit]- “ṭˁwn2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 265
- Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española[1] (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, , page 53
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn, “plague”), probably from Classical Syriac ܛܳܥܘܿܢܳܐ (ṭāʿōnā).
Noun
[edit]طاعون • (taʼun) (plural طواعین (tavaʼin))
- plague, bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis
- plague, pest, an epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the bubonic plague
Derived terms
[edit]- طاعونی (taʼunî, “pestilential”)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: taun
Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “taun”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4640
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “tâûn”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1244
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طاعون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 792
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pestis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 1292
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طاعون”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 3069
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “taun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طاعون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1224
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian طاعُون (tā'ūn), from Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /t̪ɑː.(ʔ)uːn/
- Rhymes: -uːn
- Hyphenation: طا‧عُون
Noun
[edit]طاعُون • (tā'ūn) m (Hindi spelling ताऊन)
Declension
[edit]Declension of طاعون | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
direct | طاعُون (tā'ūn) | طاعُون (tā'ūn) | ||||||
oblique | طاعُون (tā'ūn) | طاعُونوں (tā'ūnō̃) | ||||||
vocative | طاعُون (tā'ūn) | طاعُونو (tā'ūnō) |
References
[edit]- “طاعون”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “طاعون”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “طاعون”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ط ع ن
- Arabic terms borrowed from Classical Syriac
- Arabic terms derived from Classical Syriac
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic diptote broken plural
- ar:Vector-borne diseases
- ar:Bacterial diseases
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Classical Syriac
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root ط ع ن
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Bacterial diseases
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ط ع ن
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/uːn
- Rhymes:Urdu/uːn/2 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Urdu masculine consonant-stem nouns
- ur:Diseases
- ur:Death
- ur:Bacterial diseases