طاعون

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Arabic

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Etymology

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Of the root ط ع ن (ṭ-ʕ-n). The pattern suggests a borrowing from Classical Syriac ܛܳܥܘܿܢܳܐ (ṭāʿōnā) from ܛܥܷܢ (ṭʿen, to carry), related to Arabic ظَعَنَ (ẓaʕana, to depart), though the Syriac is not known to mean a disease but “carrier”. The semantic evolution would either be via “to carry as a burden, to endure“ with the ailment understood as hardship, or via “transport” developing the meaning of transmission, the plague being transmitted quickly by vectors. Compare also the other Arabic name of the disease, مُوتَان (mūtān) from another Semitic language.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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طَاعُون (ṭāʕūnm (plural طَوَاعِين (ṭawāʕīn))

  1. epidemic disease, plague, pestilence, pest

Declension

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Synonyms

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Descendants

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References

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  • ṭˁwn2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 265
  • Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española[1] (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, →DOI, page 53

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn, plague), probably from Classical Syriac ܛܳܥܘܿܢܳܐ (ṭāʿōnā).

Noun

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طاعون (taʼun) (plural طواعین (tavaʼin))

  1. plague, bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis
    Synonyms: چوما (çuma), وبا (veba), یومروجق (yumrucak)
  2. plague, pest, an epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the bubonic plague

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian طاعُون (tā'ūn), from Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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طاعُون (tā'ūnm (Hindi spelling ताऊन)

  1. plague
  2. epidemic
    Synonym: وَبا (vabā)

Declension

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    Declension of طاعون
singular plural
direct طاعُون (tā'ūn) طاعُون (tā'ūn)
oblique طاعُون (tā'ūn) طاعُونوں (tā'ūnō̃)
vocative طاعُون (tā'ūn) طاعُونو (tā'ūnō)

References

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  • طاعون”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • طاعون”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “طاعون”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.