غنج
Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]In view of the irregular homorganic first and third radical, a mashup of some other morphemes, غُنَّة (ḡunna), أُغْنِيَّة (ʔuḡniyya) or غَنَم (ḡanam) with perhaps عَن عَوَجٍ (ʕan ʕawajin);[1] the verbs and adjectives are to be presumed denominal.
Monši-Zâde deems likely a Middle Iranian loan related to قر (qer, “rotation; twerk”), قر دادن (qer dâdan, “to rotate”), غل دادن (ğel dâdan, “to rotate”), گردیدن (gardidan), گلیدن (galidan), غلتیدن (ğaltidan), غلطیدن (ğaltidan, “to sway around, to roll, to wallow”), غلط (ğalt), غلت (ğalt), غل (gal, “rotation”), غلطک (ğaltak), غلتک (ğaltak, “cylinder, roll; mangle; bucket-wheel”), غلتنگ (ğaltang, “cylinder, roll”).[2]
Verb
[edit]غَنِجَ • (ḡanija) I (non-past يَغْنَجُ (yaḡnaju), verbal noun غُنْج (ḡunj))
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
غُنْج ḡunj | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
غَانِج ḡānij | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | غَنِجْتُ ḡanijtu |
غَنِجْتَ ḡanijta |
غَنِجَ ḡanija |
غَنِجْتُمَا ḡanijtumā |
غَنِجَا ḡanijā |
غَنِجْنَا ḡanijnā |
غَنِجْتُمْ ḡanijtum |
غَنِجُوا ḡanijū | |||
f | غَنِجْتِ ḡanijti |
غَنِجَتْ ḡanijat |
غَنِجَتَا ḡanijatā |
غَنِجْتُنَّ ḡanijtunna |
غَنِجْنَ ḡanijna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَغْنَجُ ʔaḡnaju |
تَغْنَجُ taḡnaju |
يَغْنَجُ yaḡnaju |
تَغْنَجَانِ taḡnajāni |
يَغْنَجَانِ yaḡnajāni |
نَغْنَجُ naḡnaju |
تَغْنَجُونَ taḡnajūna |
يَغْنَجُونَ yaḡnajūna | |||
f | تَغْنَجِينَ taḡnajīna |
تَغْنَجُ taḡnaju |
تَغْنَجَانِ taḡnajāni |
تَغْنَجْنَ taḡnajna |
يَغْنَجْنَ yaḡnajna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَغْنَجَ ʔaḡnaja |
تَغْنَجَ taḡnaja |
يَغْنَجَ yaḡnaja |
تَغْنَجَا taḡnajā |
يَغْنَجَا yaḡnajā |
نَغْنَجَ naḡnaja |
تَغْنَجُوا taḡnajū |
يَغْنَجُوا yaḡnajū | |||
f | تَغْنَجِي taḡnajī |
تَغْنَجَ taḡnaja |
تَغْنَجَا taḡnajā |
تَغْنَجْنَ taḡnajna |
يَغْنَجْنَ yaḡnajna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَغْنَجْ ʔaḡnaj |
تَغْنَجْ taḡnaj |
يَغْنَجْ yaḡnaj |
تَغْنَجَا taḡnajā |
يَغْنَجَا yaḡnajā |
نَغْنَجْ naḡnaj |
تَغْنَجُوا taḡnajū |
يَغْنَجُوا yaḡnajū | |||
f | تَغْنَجِي taḡnajī |
تَغْنَجْ taḡnaj |
تَغْنَجَا taḡnajā |
تَغْنَجْنَ taḡnajna |
يَغْنَجْنَ yaḡnajna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِغْنَجْ iḡnaj |
اِغْنَجَا iḡnajā |
اِغْنَجُوا iḡnajū |
||||||||
f | اِغْنَجِي iḡnajī |
اِغْنَجْنَ iḡnajna |
See also
[edit]- تَغَنَّجَ (taḡannaja)
Verb
[edit]غَنَّجَ • (ḡannaja) II (non-past يُغَنِّجُ (yuḡanniju), verbal noun تَغْنِيج (taḡnīj))
- to entice or pamper by flirtatious words
- 2008, apparently some random poet on the internet wrote[2]:
- وَمَا عَادَ ٱلشَّبَابُ
لَوْلَاهُ مَا ٱخْضَرَّ ٱلنَّبَاتُ
إِنْ كُنْتُ قَدْ غَنَّجْتُهُ
أَوْ كُنْتُ قَدْ دَلَّلْتُهُ
أَوْ كُنْتُ قَدْ كَرَّمْتُهُ
فَكُلُّ ذَا قَلِيلٌ- wamā ʕāda š-šabābu
lawlāhu mā ḵḍarra n-nabātu
ʔin kuntu qad ḡannajtuhu
ʔaw kuntu qad dallaltuhu
ʔaw kuntu qad karramtuhu
fakullu ḏā qalīlun - Youth has not returned,
Without it the plant greens not
When I pampered it
Or when I led it
Or when I hearted it
Anyhow this is all trifling
- wamā ʕāda š-šabābu
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَغْنِيج taḡnīj | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُغَنِّج muḡannij | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُغَنَّج muḡannaj | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | غَنَّجْتُ ḡannajtu |
غَنَّجْتَ ḡannajta |
غَنَّجَ ḡannaja |
غَنَّجْتُمَا ḡannajtumā |
غَنَّجَا ḡannajā |
غَنَّجْنَا ḡannajnā |
غَنَّجْتُمْ ḡannajtum |
غَنَّجُوا ḡannajū | |||
f | غَنَّجْتِ ḡannajti |
غَنَّجَتْ ḡannajat |
غَنَّجَتَا ḡannajatā |
غَنَّجْتُنَّ ḡannajtunna |
غَنَّجْنَ ḡannajna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُغَنِّجُ ʔuḡanniju |
تُغَنِّجُ tuḡanniju |
يُغَنِّجُ yuḡanniju |
تُغَنِّجَانِ tuḡannijāni |
يُغَنِّجَانِ yuḡannijāni |
نُغَنِّجُ nuḡanniju |
تُغَنِّجُونَ tuḡannijūna |
يُغَنِّجُونَ yuḡannijūna | |||
f | تُغَنِّجِينَ tuḡannijīna |
تُغَنِّجُ tuḡanniju |
تُغَنِّجَانِ tuḡannijāni |
تُغَنِّجْنَ tuḡannijna |
يُغَنِّجْنَ yuḡannijna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُغَنِّجَ ʔuḡannija |
تُغَنِّجَ tuḡannija |
يُغَنِّجَ yuḡannija |
تُغَنِّجَا tuḡannijā |
يُغَنِّجَا yuḡannijā |
نُغَنِّجَ nuḡannija |
تُغَنِّجُوا tuḡannijū |
يُغَنِّجُوا yuḡannijū | |||
f | تُغَنِّجِي tuḡannijī |
تُغَنِّجَ tuḡannija |
تُغَنِّجَا tuḡannijā |
تُغَنِّجْنَ tuḡannijna |
يُغَنِّجْنَ yuḡannijna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُغَنِّجْ ʔuḡannij |
تُغَنِّجْ tuḡannij |
يُغَنِّجْ yuḡannij |
تُغَنِّجَا tuḡannijā |
يُغَنِّجَا yuḡannijā |
نُغَنِّجْ nuḡannij |
تُغَنِّجُوا tuḡannijū |
يُغَنِّجُوا yuḡannijū | |||
f | تُغَنِّجِي tuḡannijī |
تُغَنِّجْ tuḡannij |
تُغَنِّجَا tuḡannijā |
تُغَنِّجْنَ tuḡannijna |
يُغَنِّجْنَ yuḡannijna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | غَنِّجْ ḡannij |
غَنِّجَا ḡannijā |
غَنِّجُوا ḡannijū |
||||||||
f | غَنِّجِي ḡannijī |
غَنِّجْنَ ḡannijna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | غُنِّجْتُ ḡunnijtu |
غُنِّجْتَ ḡunnijta |
غُنِّجَ ḡunnija |
غُنِّجْتُمَا ḡunnijtumā |
غُنِّجَا ḡunnijā |
غُنِّجْنَا ḡunnijnā |
غُنِّجْتُمْ ḡunnijtum |
غُنِّجُوا ḡunnijū | |||
f | غُنِّجْتِ ḡunnijti |
غُنِّجَتْ ḡunnijat |
غُنِّجَتَا ḡunnijatā |
غُنِّجْتُنَّ ḡunnijtunna |
غُنِّجْنَ ḡunnijna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُغَنَّجُ ʔuḡannaju |
تُغَنَّجُ tuḡannaju |
يُغَنَّجُ yuḡannaju |
تُغَنَّجَانِ tuḡannajāni |
يُغَنَّجَانِ yuḡannajāni |
نُغَنَّجُ nuḡannaju |
تُغَنَّجُونَ tuḡannajūna |
يُغَنَّجُونَ yuḡannajūna | |||
f | تُغَنَّجِينَ tuḡannajīna |
تُغَنَّجُ tuḡannaju |
تُغَنَّجَانِ tuḡannajāni |
تُغَنَّجْنَ tuḡannajna |
يُغَنَّجْنَ yuḡannajna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُغَنَّجَ ʔuḡannaja |
تُغَنَّجَ tuḡannaja |
يُغَنَّجَ yuḡannaja |
تُغَنَّجَا tuḡannajā |
يُغَنَّجَا yuḡannajā |
نُغَنَّجَ nuḡannaja |
تُغَنَّجُوا tuḡannajū |
يُغَنَّجُوا yuḡannajū | |||
f | تُغَنَّجِي tuḡannajī |
تُغَنَّجَ tuḡannaja |
تُغَنَّجَا tuḡannajā |
تُغَنَّجْنَ tuḡannajna |
يُغَنَّجْنَ yuḡannajna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُغَنَّجْ ʔuḡannaj |
تُغَنَّجْ tuḡannaj |
يُغَنَّجْ yuḡannaj |
تُغَنَّجَا tuḡannajā |
يُغَنَّجَا yuḡannajā |
نُغَنَّجْ nuḡannaj |
تُغَنَّجُوا tuḡannajū |
يُغَنَّجُوا yuḡannajū | |||
f | تُغَنَّجِي tuḡannajī |
تُغَنَّجْ tuḡannaj |
تُغَنَّجَا tuḡannajā |
تُغَنَّجْنَ tuḡannajna |
يُغَنَّجْنَ yuḡannajna |
Adjective
[edit]غَنِج • (ḡanij) (feminine غَنِجَة (ḡanija))
Declension
[edit]Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | غَنِج ḡanij |
الْغَنِج al-ḡanij |
غَنِجَة ḡanija |
الْغَنِجَة al-ḡanija |
Nominative | غَنِجٌ ḡanijun |
الْغَنِجُ al-ḡaniju |
غَنِجَةٌ ḡanijatun |
الْغَنِجَةُ al-ḡanijatu |
Accusative | غَنِجًا ḡanijan |
الْغَنِجَ al-ḡanija |
غَنِجَةً ḡanijatan |
الْغَنِجَةَ al-ḡanijata |
Genitive | غَنِجٍ ḡanijin |
الْغَنِجِ al-ḡaniji |
غَنِجَةٍ ḡanijatin |
الْغَنِجَةِ al-ḡanijati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | غَنِجَيْن ḡanijayn |
الْغَنِجَيْن al-ḡanijayn |
غَنِجَتَيْن ḡanijatayn |
الْغَنِجَتَيْن al-ḡanijatayn |
Nominative | غَنِجَانِ ḡanijāni |
الْغَنِجَانِ al-ḡanijāni |
غَنِجَتَانِ ḡanijatāni |
الْغَنِجَتَانِ al-ḡanijatāni |
Accusative | غَنِجَيْنِ ḡanijayni |
الْغَنِجَيْنِ al-ḡanijayni |
غَنِجَتَيْنِ ḡanijatayni |
الْغَنِجَتَيْنِ al-ḡanijatayni |
Genitive | غَنِجَيْنِ ḡanijayni |
الْغَنِجَيْنِ al-ḡanijayni |
غَنِجَتَيْنِ ḡanijatayni |
الْغَنِجَتَيْنِ al-ḡanijatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | غَنِجِين ḡanijīn |
الْغَنِجِين al-ḡanijīn |
غَنِجَات ḡanijāt |
الْغَنِجَات al-ḡanijāt |
Nominative | غَنِجُونَ ḡanijūna |
الْغَنِجُونَ al-ḡanijūna |
غَنِجَاتٌ ḡanijātun |
الْغَنِجَاتُ al-ḡanijātu |
Accusative | غَنِجِينَ ḡanijīna |
الْغَنِجِينَ al-ḡanijīna |
غَنِجَاتٍ ḡanijātin |
الْغَنِجَاتِ al-ḡanijāti |
Genitive | غَنِجِينَ ḡanijīna |
الْغَنِجِينَ al-ḡanijīna |
غَنِجَاتٍ ḡanijātin |
الْغَنِجَاتِ al-ḡanijāti |
See also
[edit]- مِغْنَاج (miḡnāj)
Noun
[edit]غُنْج or غُنُج • (ḡunj or ḡunuj) m
- verbal noun of غَنِجَ (ḡanija); any enticement from a female by her voice, a woman’s retentive messaging or even female copulatory vocalization specifically
- 1585±12, as-Suyūṭī, شقائق الأترنج في رقائق الغنج[3], Chapter 4: الآثار:
- فَقَالَ بَعْضُ ٱلْأَطِبَّاءِ: الْحِكْمَةُ فِي ٱلْغُنْجِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ ٱلسَّمْعُ حَظَّهُ مِنَ ٱلْجِمَاعِ
- faqāla baʕḍu l-ʔaṭibbāʔi: al-ḥikmatu fī l-ḡunji ʔan yaʔḵuḏa s-samʕu ḥaẓẓahu mina l-jimāʕi
- Some physicians said: The evolutionary reason of female copulatory vocalization is so the sense of hearing can have its part in sexual intercourse […]
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | غُنْج; غُنُج ḡunj; ḡunuj |
الْغُنْج; الْغُنُج al-ḡunj; al-ḡunuj |
غُنْج; غُنُج ḡunj; ḡunuj |
Nominative | غُنْجٌ; غُنُجٌ ḡunjun; ḡunujun |
الْغُنْجُ; الْغُنُجُ al-ḡunju; al-ḡunuju |
غُنْجُ; غُنُجُ ḡunju; ḡunuju |
Accusative | غُنْجًا; غُنُجًا ḡunjan; ḡunujan |
الْغُنْجَ; الْغُنُجَ al-ḡunja; al-ḡunuja |
غُنْجَ; غُنُجَ ḡunja; ḡunuja |
Genitive | غُنْجٍ; غُنُجٍ ḡunjin; ḡunujin |
الْغُنْجِ; الْغُنُجِ al-ḡunji; al-ḡunuji |
غُنْجِ; غُنُجِ ḡunji; ḡunuji |
References
[edit]- ^ غَنَم عَن عَوَجٍ (ḡanam ʕan ʕawajin) is suggested by Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 931, though we would have expected them to suggest reduplication or augmentation from the biradical.
- ^ Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)[1] (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 72 Nr. 215
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