فرعون

Arabic

Etymology

The word is not attested before the Qurʾān and the probabilities are that the immediate source for the Arabic is the Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ‎ (pɛrʕūn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fir.ʕawn/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /fir.ʕoːn/

Proper noun

فِرْعَوْن • (firʿawn) m

1. (without article) Pharaoh (Quranic or Biblical antagonist of Moses)

Declension

Declension of proper noun فِرْعَوْن (firʿawn)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	فِرْعَوْن firʿawn	—
Nominative	—	فِرْعَوْنُ firʿawnu	—
Accusative	—	فِرْعَوْنَ firʿawna	—
Genitive	—	فِرْعَوْنَ firʿawna	—

Noun

فِرْعَوْن • (firʿawn) m (plural فَرَاعِنَة‎ (farāʿina))

1. a pharaoh (an ancient Egyptian ruler)
2. (figuratively) a despotic person; one who abuses their power, a tyrant

Declension

Declension of noun فِرْعَوْن (firʿawn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فِرْعَوْن firʿawn	الْفِرْعَوْن‎ al-firʿawn	فِرْعَوْن firʿawn
Nominative	فِرْعَوْنٌ firʿawnun	الْفِرْعَوْنُ‎ al-firʿawnu	فِرْعَوْنُ firʿawnu
Accusative	فِرْعَوْنًا‎ firʿawnan	الْفِرْعَوْنَ‎ al-firʿawna	فِرْعَوْنَ firʿawna
Genitive	فِرْعَوْنٍ firʿawnin	الْفِرْعَوْنِ‎ al-firʿawni	فِرْعَوْنِ firʿawni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فِرْعَوْنَيْن‎ firʿawnayn	الْفِرْعَوْنَيْن‎ al-firʿawnayn	فِرْعَوْنَيْ‎ firʿawnay
Nominative	فِرْعَوْنَانِ‎ firʿawnāni	الْفِرْعَوْنَانِ‎ al-firʿawnāni	فِرْعَوْنَا‎ firʿawnā
Accusative	فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ‎ firʿawnayni	الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ‎ al-firʿawnayni	فِرْعَوْنَيْ‎ firʿawnay
Genitive	فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ‎ firʿawnayni	الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ‎ al-firʿawnayni	فِرْعَوْنَيْ‎ firʿawnay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرَاعِنَة‎ farāʿina	الْفَرَاعِنَة‎ al-farāʿina	فَرَاعِنَة‎ farāʿinat
Nominative	فَرَاعِنَةٌ‎ farāʿinatun	الْفَرَاعِنَةُ‎ al-farāʿinatu	فَرَاعِنَةُ‎ farāʿinatu
Accusative	فَرَاعِنَةً‎ farāʿinatan	الْفَرَاعِنَةَ‎ al-farāʿinata	فَرَاعِنَةَ‎ farāʿinata
Genitive	فَرَاعِنَةٍ‎ farāʿinatin	الْفَرَاعِنَةِ‎ al-farāʿinati	فَرَاعِنَةِ‎ farāʿinati

Derived terms

• تَفَرْعَنَ‎ (tafarʿana, “to be like a pharaoh, to be a tyrant”)

Descendants

• Maltese: fergħun
• → Bashkir: фирғәүен (firğäwen)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: फ़िरौन (firaun)

  Urdu: فرعون‎ (firaun)

• → Malay: firaun
• → Ottoman Turkish: فرعون‎
  • → Turkish: firavun
• → Persian: فرعون‎ (fer'own)
• → Swahili: firauni
• → Tajik: фиръавн (firʾavn)
• → Uzbek: firʼavn

References

• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 225
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “فرعون”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Further reading

• فرعون‎ on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar

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Kohistani Shina

Noun

فرعون (fir'on)

1. pharaoh

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Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن‎ (firʿawn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /fiɾʔawn/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /fɪɾʔawn/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /feɾʔown/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /fiɾʔavn/

Noun

Dari	فرعون
Iranian Persian
Tajik	фиръавн (firʾavn)

فرعون • (fer’own) (plural فراعنه‎ (farâ'ene) or فرعون‌ها‎ (fer’own-hâ))

1. pharaoh

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن‎ (firʿawn).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /fɪɾ.(ʔ)ɔːn/
• Rhymes: -ɔːn
• Hyphenation: فِر‧عَون

Noun

فرعون • (fir‘aun) m (plural فراعنہ‎‎, Hindi spelling फ़िरौन)

1. pharaoh

Declension

Declension of فرعون
	singular	plural
direct	فِرْعَون‎ (fir'aun)	فِرْعَون‎ (fir'aun)
oblique	فِرْعَون‎ (fir'aun)	فِرْعَونوں‎ (fir'aunō̃)
vocative	فِرْعَون‎ (fir'aun)	فِرْعَونو‎ (fir'aunō)

Descendants

• → Hindi: फ़िरऔन (firaaun), फ़िरौन (firaun)

References

• “فرعون”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “فرعون”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.