كسر
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ك س ر (k-s-r), related to breaking.
Verb
كَسَرَ • (kasara) I, non-past يَكْسِرُ (yaksiru)
- (transitive, intensive or frequentative) to break, to crash, to smash
- (transitive, linguistics) to mark or pronounce (a consonant) with a kasra
Conjugation
Conjugation of
كَسَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun كَسْر)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
كَسْر kasr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
kāsir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maksūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kasartu |
kasarta |
كَسَرَ kasara |
kasartumā |
kasarā |
kasarnā |
kasartum |
kasarū | |||
f | kasarti |
kasarat |
kasaratā |
kasartunna |
kasarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaksiru |
taksiru |
yaksiru |
taksirāni |
yaksirāni |
naksiru |
taksirūna |
yaksirūna | |||
f | taksirīna |
taksiru |
taksirāni |
taksirna |
yaksirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaksira |
taksira |
yaksira |
taksirā |
yaksirā |
naksira |
taksirū |
yaksirū | |||
f | taksirī |
taksira |
taksirā |
taksirna |
yaksirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaksir |
taksir |
yaksir |
taksirā |
yaksirā |
naksir |
taksirū |
yaksirū | |||
f | taksirī |
taksir |
taksirā |
taksirna |
yaksirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iksir |
iksirā |
iksirū |
||||||||
f | iksirī |
iksirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kusirtu |
kusirta |
كُسِرَ kusira |
kusirtumā |
kusirā |
kusirnā |
kusirtum |
kusirū | |||
f | kusirti |
kusirat |
kusiratā |
kusirtunna |
kusirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuksaru |
tuksaru |
yuksaru |
tuksarāni |
yuksarāni |
nuksaru |
tuksarūna |
yuksarūna | |||
f | tuksarīna |
tuksaru |
tuksarāni |
tuksarna |
yuksarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuksara |
tuksara |
yuksara |
tuksarā |
yuksarā |
nuksara |
tuksarū |
yuksarū | |||
f | tuksarī |
tuksara |
tuksarā |
tuksarna |
yuksarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuksar |
tuksar |
yuksar |
tuksarā |
yuksarā |
nuksar |
tuksarū |
yuksarū | |||
f | tuksarī |
tuksar |
tuksarā |
tuksarna |
yuksarna |
Etymology 2
Verbal noun of كَسَرَ (kasara, “to break”).
Noun
كَسْر • (kasr) m (plural كُسُور (kusūr) or كُسُورَات (kusūrāt))
- verbal noun of كَسَرَ (kasara) (form I)
- breach, fracture
- breakage
- (arithmetic) fraction
- contrition, affliction
- (linguistics) the sound of short /i/
Usage notes
According to Wehr, the plural كُسُورَات (kusūrāt) is used in the sense “fractions”.
Declension
Declension of noun كَسْر (kasr)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَسْر kasr |
الْكَسْر al-kasr |
كَسْر kasr |
Nominative | كَسْرٌ kasrun |
الْكَسْرُ al-kasru |
كَسْرُ kasru |
Accusative | كَسْرًا kasran |
الْكَسْرَ al-kasra |
كَسْرَ kasra |
Genitive | كَسْرٍ kasrin |
الْكَسْرِ al-kasri |
كَسْرِ kasri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | كَسْرَيْن kasrayn |
الْكَسْرَيْن al-kasrayn |
كَسْرَيْ kasray |
Nominative | كَسْرَانِ kasrāni |
الْكَسْرَانِ al-kasrāni |
كَسْرَا kasrā |
Accusative | كَسْرَيْنِ kasrayni |
الْكَسْرَيْنِ al-kasrayni |
كَسْرَيْ kasray |
Genitive | كَسْرَيْنِ kasrayni |
الْكَسْرَيْنِ al-kasrayni |
كَسْرَيْ kasray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كُسُور; كُسُورَات kusūr; kusūrāt |
الْكُسُور; الْكُسُورَات al-kusūr; al-kusūrāt |
كُسُور; كُسُورَات kusūr; kusūrāt |
Nominative | كُسُورٌ; كُسُورَاتٌ kusūrun; kusūrātun |
الْكُسُورُ; الْكُسُورَاتُ al-kusūru; al-kusūrātu |
كُسُورُ; كُسُورَاتُ kusūru; kusūrātu |
Accusative | كُسُورًا; كُسُورَاتٍ kusūran; kusūrātin |
الْكُسُورَ; الْكُسُورَاتِ al-kusūra; al-kusūrāti |
كُسُورَ; كُسُورَاتِ kusūra; kusūrāti |
Genitive | كُسُورٍ; كُسُورَاتٍ kusūrin; kusūrātin |
الْكُسُورِ; الْكُسُورَاتِ al-kusūri; al-kusūrāti |
كُسُورِ; كُسُورَاتِ kusūri; kusūrāti |
Derived terms
- كَسْرَة (kasra)
Descendants
- Azerbaijani: kəsr
- Bashkir: кәсер (kəser, “fraction”)
- Hindi: कसर (kasar)
- → Ottoman Turkish: (via the plural) كسور (küsûr)
- Persian: کسر
- Urdu: کسر
- Uzbek: kasr
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كسر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
Etymology 3
Intensive form II verb derived from form I كَسَرَ (kasara, “to break”).
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
كَسَّرَ • (kassara) II, non-past يُكَسِّرُ (yukassiru)
- to break into pieces, to shatter, to smash
- (Arabic grammar, transitive) to turn into a broken plural
Conjugation
Conjugation of
كَسَّرَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taksīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mukassir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mukassar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kassartu |
kassarta |
كَسَّرَ kassara |
kassartumā |
kassarā |
kassarnā |
kassartum |
kassarū | |||
f | kassarti |
kassarat |
kassaratā |
kassartunna |
kassarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukassiru |
tukassiru |
yukassiru |
tukassirāni |
yukassirāni |
nukassiru |
tukassirūna |
yukassirūna | |||
f | tukassirīna |
tukassiru |
tukassirāni |
tukassirna |
yukassirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukassira |
tukassira |
yukassira |
tukassirā |
yukassirā |
nukassira |
tukassirū |
yukassirū | |||
f | tukassirī |
tukassira |
tukassirā |
tukassirna |
yukassirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukassir |
tukassir |
yukassir |
tukassirā |
yukassirā |
nukassir |
tukassirū |
yukassirū | |||
f | tukassirī |
tukassir |
tukassirā |
tukassirna |
yukassirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | كَسِّرْ kassir |
kassirā |
kassirū |
||||||||
f | kassirī |
kassirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kussirtu |
kussirta |
كُسِّرَ kussira |
kussirtumā |
kussirā |
kussirnā |
kussirtum |
kussirū | |||
f | kussirti |
kussirat |
kussiratā |
kussirtunna |
kussirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukassaru |
tukassaru |
yukassaru |
tukassarāni |
yukassarāni |
nukassaru |
tukassarūna |
yukassarūna | |||
f | tukassarīna |
tukassaru |
tukassarāni |
tukassarna |
yukassarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukassara |
tukassara |
yukassara |
tukassarā |
yukassarā |
nukassara |
tukassarū |
yukassarū | |||
f | tukassarī |
tukassara |
tukassarā |
tukassarna |
yukassarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukassar |
tukassar |
yukassar |
tukassarā |
yukassarā |
nukassar |
tukassarū |
yukassarū | |||
f | tukassarī |
tukassar |
tukassarā |
tukassarna |
yukassarna |
References
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “كسر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
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