گندم

Persian

Alternative forms

• گنم (ganom, genom) (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /⁠gannum⁠/), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (H^g /⁠gan(d)um⁠/)) from Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian.

Compare Parthian 𐫃𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫖 (gndwm /⁠gandum⁠/), Sogdian 𐼲𐼻𐽂𐼺 (γntm /⁠γandam⁠/), Northern Luri گںنم (gənem), Northern Kurdish genim, Pashto غنم (ǧanëm), Talysh گندم (qandım), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gaṇtuma), 𐬔𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gantuma), Sanskrit गोधूम (godhūma).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡan.ˈdum]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡän̪.d̪ʊ́m]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡän̪.d̪ʊ́m]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡän̪.d̪ʊ́m]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡän̪.d̪úm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲæn̪.d̪óm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡän̪.d̪úm]

Readings
Classical reading?	gandum
Dari reading?	gandum
Iranian reading?	gandom
Tajik reading?	gandum

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	گندم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гандум

گندم • (gandom)

1. wheat

Derived terms

• گندمبا (gandom-bâ, “haleem”)
• گندمه (gandome, “caryopsis; wart”)

 

Descendants

• → Malay: gandum
  • Indonesian: gandum
• → Urdu: گندم (gandum)

Southwestern Fars

Alternative forms

• گنم (ganom) (Kuzarg)

Noun

گندم (gandom)

1. (Masarm, Deh Sarv) wheat