gandum

English

Noun

gandum (plural gandums)

1. A Persian measure of weight, one quarter of a nakhod.

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• gandoem (1901–1947)

Etymology

From earlier gandoem, from Malay gandum, from Classical Malay gandum (“wheat”), from Persian گندم (gandom), from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /⁠gannum⁠/, “wheat”), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (H^g /⁠gan(d)um⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian, from possibly Semitic (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡan.dʊm]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gan‧dum

Noun

gandum (plural gandum-gandum)

1. wheat

   Synonym: terigu

Derived terms

• tepung gandum

Further reading

• “gandum”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Alternative forms

• gandoem (East Indies, pre-1947)

Etymology

From Persian گندم (gandom), from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /⁠gannum⁠/, “wheat”), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (H^g /⁠gan(d)um⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian, from possibly Semitic (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /ɡan.dom/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /ɡan.dʊm/
• Rhymes: -dom, -om

Noun

gandum (Jawi spelling ݢندوم, plural gandum-gandum or gandum²)

1. wheat

   Synonym: terigu

Derived terms

• tepung gandum

Descendants

• > Indonesian: gandum (inherited)

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “ݢندم gandoem”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 107
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “ݢندم gandom”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 579
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “gandum”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 325

Further reading

• "gandum" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
• “gandum”, in Kamus Dewan [The Institute Dictionary] (in Malay), Fourth edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2005, →ISBN

Tausug

Hambuuk gandum.

Pronunciation

• (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /ɡandum/ [ɡɑn̪ˈd̪um]
• Rhymes: -um
• Syllabification: gan‧dum

Noun

gandum (Sulat Sūg spelling ݢَنْدُمْ)

1. corn; maize (Zea mays)