ܠܚܡܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܠ ܚ ܡ (l ḥ m)
9 terms

Inherited from Aramaic לַחְמָא (laḥmā), from Proto-Semitic *laḥm-; compare Hebrew לֶחֶם (lékhem, “bread”) and Arabic لَحْم (laḥm, “meat”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [lax.ma]

Noun

ܠܲܚܡܵܐ • (laḥmā) m sg (plural ܠܲܚܡܹ̈ܐ (laḥmē))

1. (uncountable) bread (baked dough made from cereals)

   ܥܒ݂ܝܼܕ݂ ܠܲܢ ܟܸܪ̈ܡܘܼܟ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܸܢ ܕܗܵܘ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܕܙܒ݂ܝܼܢ ܠܲܢ ܡܸܢ ܡܹܐܦܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ.

   ˁḇīḏ lan kirmūḵāṯā min dhāw laḥmā d-zḇīn lan min mēpīṯā.

   We made sandwiches with the bread we bought from the bakery.

   • c. 2014, ܕܝܬܩܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܡܙܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ, Aramaic Bible Translation, Inc., John 6:58–This is the bread which came down from heaven, not as your fathers ate the manna, and are dead. He who eats this bread will live forever.:

     ܗܵܢܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܕܨܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܡܸܢ ܫ̈ܡܲܝܵܐ، ܠܵܐ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܗܵܘ ܕܐ݇ܟ݂ܝܼܠ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܐܲܒ݂ܵܗܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܡܝܼܬ݂ ܠܗܘܿܢ. ܡܲܢ ܕܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ ܡܸܢ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܚܵܝܹܐ ܠܥܵܠܲܡ.

     hānā ìlēh laḥmā d-ṣlē lēh min šmayyā, lā ayḵ hāw d-ḵīl lhōn aḇāhāṯawḵōn īnā mīṯ lhōn. man d-āḵēl min hānā laḥmā bit ḥāyē l-ˁālam.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (countable) loaf of bread
   • c. 2014, ܕܝܬܩܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܡܙܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ, Aramaic Bible Translation, Inc., Matthew 14:19:

     ܘܦܩܝܼܕ݂ ܠܹܗ ܠܟܸܢܫܹ̈ܐ ܕܝܵܬ݂ܒ݂ܝܼ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܥܲܠ ܓܸܠܵܐ. ܘܫܩܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܗܵܢܘܿܢ ܚܲܡܫܵܐ ܠܲܚܡܹ̈ܐ ܘܬܪܹܝܢ ܢܘܼܢܹ̈ܐ، ܘܚܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ ܠܫ̈ܡܲܝܵܐ، ܡܒܘܼܪܸܟ݂ ܠܹܗ، ܘܩܨܹܐ ܠܹܗ، ܘܝܘܼܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܠ ܠܹܗ ܠܬܲܠܡܝܼܕ݂ܘܼ̈ܗܝ، ܘܬܲܠܡܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܹܐ ܝܘܼܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܠ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܠܟܸܢܫܹ̈ܐ.

     w-pqīḏ lēh l-kinšē dyāṯḇī wā ˁal gillā. w-šqīl lēh hānōn ḥamšā laḥmē w-trēn nūnē, w-ḥīr lēh l-šmayyā, mbūriḵ lēh, w-qṣē lēh, w-yūḇēl lēh ltalmīḏūh, w-talmīḏē yūḇēl lhōn l-kinšē.

     And he directed the people to sit down on the grass. Taking the five loaves and the two fish and looking up to heaven, he gave thanks and broke the loaves. Then he gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the people.

3. (archaic, dated) food, victuals

Inflection

Inflection of ܠܲܚܡܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܠܚܸܡ (lḥim)		1st person	ܠܲܚܡܝܼ (laḥmī)		ܠܲܚܡܲܢ (laḥman)
	construct	ܠܚܸܡ (lḥim)		2nd person	ܠܲܚܡܘܼܟ݂ (laḥmōḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܵܟ݂ܝ (laḥmāḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (laḥmawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܠܲܚܡܵܐ (laḥmā)		3rd person	ܠܲܚܡܹܗ (laḥmēh)	ܠܲܚܡܵܗ̇ (laḥmāh)	ܠܲܚܡܗܘܿܢ (laḥmhōn)
plural	absolute	ܠܲܚܡܝܼ̈ܢ (laḥmīn)		1st person	ܠܲܚܡܝܼ̈ (laḥmī)		ܠܲܚܡܲܢ̈ (laḥman)
	construct	ܠܲܚܡܲܝ̈ (laḥmay)		2nd person	ܠܲܚܡܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (laḥmōḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (laḥmāḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (laḥmawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܠܲܚܡܹ̈ܐ (laḥmē)		3rd person	ܠܲܚܡܘܼ̈ܗܝ (laḥmūh)	ܠܲܚܡܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (laḥmōh)	ܠܲܚܡܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (laḥmayhōn)

References

• “ܠܲܚܡܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 6 January 2022 (last accessed)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

ܠܚܡܐ

From the root ܠ ܚ ܡ related to eating. Compare Arabic لَحْم (laḥm) and Hebrew לֶחֶם (léḥem).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [laħmɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [laħme] (plural)

Noun

ܠܚܡܐ • (laḥmā) m (plural ܠܚܡܐ)

1. bread
2. loaf, cake (of bread)
3. meal
4. food, victuals

Inflection

Inflection of ܠܚܡܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܠܚܡ		1st person	ܠܚܡܝ		ܠܚܡܢ
	construct	ܠܚܡ		2nd person	ܠܚܡܟ	ܠܚܡܟܝ	ܠܚܡܟܘܢ	ܠܚܡܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܠܚܡܐ		3rd person	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܗܘܢ	ܠܚܡܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܠܚܡܝܢ		1st person	ܠܚܡܝ		ܠܚܡܝܢ
	construct	ܠܚܡܝ		2nd person	ܠܚܡܝܟ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝ	ܠܚܡܝܟܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܠܚܡܐ		3rd person	ܠܚܡܘܗܝ	ܠܚܡܝܗ	ܠܚܡܝܗܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܠ ܚ ܡ related to threatening.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [l(ə)ħɑmɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [l(ə)ħɑme] (plural)

Noun

ܠܚܡܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܠܚܡܐ)

1. torment

Inflection

Inflection of ܠܚܡܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܠܚܡ		1st person	ܠܚܡܝ		ܠܚܡܢ
	construct	ܠܚܡ		2nd person	ܠܚܡܟ	ܠܚܡܟܝ	ܠܚܡܟܘܢ	ܠܚܡܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܠܚܡܐ		3rd person	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܗܘܢ	ܠܚܡܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܠܚܡܝܢ		1st person	ܠܚܡܝ		ܠܚܡܝܢ
	construct	ܠܚܡܝ		2nd person	ܠܚܡܝܟ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝ	ܠܚܡܝܟܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܠܚܡܐ		3rd person	ܠܚܡܘܗܝ	ܠܚܡܝܗ	ܠܚܡܝܗܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܗܝܢ

References

• “lḥm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 171b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 240b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 685b–686a

Anagrams

• ܚܠܡܐ
• ܡܠܚܐ

Turoyo

Etymology

from Aramaic לחמא (laḥmā)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laħmo/

Noun

ܠܰܚܡܳܐ • (laḥmo) m (plural ܠܰܚܡܶܐ (laḥme))

1. bread

Western Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

from Aramaic לחמא (laḥmā)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /leħma/

Noun

ܠܶܚܡܰܐ (transliteration needed) m

1. bread