अपराधी

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अपराधिन् (aparādhin, adjective), equivalent to अपराध (aprādh, “crime, offence”) +‎ -ई (-ī). First attested as Old Hindi अपराधी (aparādhī).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /əp.ɾɑː.d̪ʱiː/, [əp.ɾäː.d̪ʱiː]

Adjective

अपराधी • (aprādhī) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اَپْرادِھی‎)

1. criminal, offender, sinner, guilty, faulty

Noun

अपराधी • (aprādhī) m or f (Urdu spelling اَپْرادِھی‎)

1. criminal; sinner

   Synonym: मुजरिम (mujrim)

Declension

NOTE: This term is declined masculine or feminine according to the gender of the referent.

Declension of अपराधी (masc ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अपराधी aprādhī	अपराधी aprādhī
oblique	अपराधी aprādhī	अपराधियों aprādhiyõ
vocative	अपराधी aprādhī	अपराधियो aprādhiyo

Declension of अपराधी (fem ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अपराधी aprādhī	अपराधियाँ aprādhiyā̃
oblique	अपराधी aprādhī	अपराधियों aprādhiyõ
vocative	अपराधी aprādhī	अपराधियो aprādhiyo

Usage notes

Normally अपराधी (aprādhī) is only used for both genders, but the word अपराधिनी (aprādhinī, “female criminal”) exists and may be used more formally.

Further reading

• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) , “अपराधी”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) , “अपराधी”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Syamasundara Dasa (1965–1975) , “अपराधी”, in Hindi Sabdasagara [Comprehensive Hindi Dictionary] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha.
• “अपराधी”, in Rekhta Urdu Dictionary, Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2021.

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Old Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अपराधिन् (aparādhin).

Noun

अपराधी (aparādhī) m

1. sinner
   • c. 1420, Kabir 221.0:

     माधौ मै ऐसा अपराधी, तेरी भगति होत नहीं साधी

     mādhau mai aisā aparādhī, terī bhagati hota nahīṃ sādhī

Further reading

• Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, OCLC 853683653