offender

English

Alternative forms

• offendor, offendour (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English offendour, offender, offendir, equivalent to offend +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /əˈfen.də(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /əˈfen.dɚ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)

Noun

offender (plural offenders)

1. One who gives or causes offense, or does something wrong.
   • 1961 March, Warren Smith, “The problems of train regulation - a study of operation at Trent”, in Trains Illustrated, page 169:

     Almost all down trains are late, however; the empty wagon trains are probably the worst offenders and one or two hours' late running by them is not unusual.

2. A person who commits an offense against the law, a lawbreaker.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:criminal

Derived terms

• habitual offender
• juvenile offender
• main offender
• multioffender
• non-offender
• offendress
• repeat offender
• sex offender
• status offender
• young offender
• youthful offender

Translations

one who gives or causes offense

• Bulgarian: виновник (bg) m (vinovnik), нарушител (bg) m (narušitel)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 冒犯者 (màofànzhě)

• Finnish: rikkoja (fi), loukkaaja
• German: Täter (de) m
• Latin: offensor m
• Persian: مقصر (fa) (moqasser), تقصیرکار (taqsirkâr)
• Portuguese: ofensor (pt) m
• Russian: оби́дчик (ru) m (obídčik), оби́дчица (ru) f (obídčica)
• Spanish: ofensor (es) m

a person who commits an offense against the law

• Arabic: جَانٍ (ar) (jānin)
• Belarusian: злачынец m (zlačynjec)
• Bulgarian: престъпник (bg) m (prestǎpnik)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 罪犯 (zh) (zuìfàn), 犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ), 違法者 / 违法者 (wéifǎzhě)

• Czech: zločinec (cs) m
• Dutch: schuldige (nl) m or f
• Finnish: syyllinen (fi)
• French: contrevenant (fr) m
• German: Täter (de) m, Täterin (de) f, Straftäter (de) m, Straftäterin (de) f
• Greek: παραβάτης (el) m (paravátis)
• Hungarian: jogsértő (hu), bűnöző (hu), bűnelkövető (hu)
• Icelandic: lögbrotamaður m
• Indonesian: pelanggar (id)
• Irish: ciontóir m
• Italian: contravventore m, corrigendo (it) m (young)
• Japanese: 罪人 (ja) (ざいにん, zainin), 犯罪者 (ja) (はんざいしゃ, hanzaisha)
• Macedonian: престапник m (prestapnik)
• Manx: foiljagh m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: lovbryter m

  Nynorsk: lovbrytar m

• Persian: خاطی (fa) (xâti), قانون‌شکن (qânun-šekan)
• Polish: przestępca (pl) m
• Portuguese: transgressor (pt) m, criminoso (pt) m, réu (pt) m
• Russian: престу́пник (ru) m (prestúpnik), престу́пница (ru) f (prestúpnica), правонаруши́тель (ru) m (pravonarušítelʹ), правонаруши́тельница (ru) f (pravonarušítelʹnica)
• Scottish Gaelic: ciontach m
• Spanish: delincuente (es) m, ofensor (es) m
• Swedish: gärningsman (sv) m or c, gärningskvinna (sv) f or c (uncommon)
• Telugu: అపరాధి (te) (aparādhi), నేరస్థుడు (te) m (nērasthuḍu)
• Thai: ผู้กระทำผิด
• Ukrainian: правопору́шник (uk) m (pravoporúšnyk), правопору́шниця (uk) f (pravoporúšnycja)
• Welsh: pechadur m

References

• “offender”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Anagrams

• forefend, reoffend

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: of‧fen‧der

Verb

offender (first-person singular present offendo, first-person singular preterite offendi, past participle offendido)

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of ofender
   • 1933, Graciliano Ramos, chapter V, in Cahetés‎^[1], 1st edition, Rio de Janeiro: Schmidt, page 29:

     — Leviandade, João Valerio. Não se offende assim uma pessoa ausente. Deixe para dizer isso a elle, se tiver razão para dizer. Razão e coragem. A nós, não.

     “Foolishness, João Valério. One doesn’t offend someone who’s not present in this way. Save it and tell it to him, if you have reason to. Reason and guts. Not to us.”

Conjugation

    Conjugation of offender (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	offender
Personal	offender	offenderes	offender	offendermos	offenderdes	offenderem
Gerund
	offendendo
Past participle
Masculine	offendido			offendidos
Feminine	offendida			offendidas
Indicative
Present	offendo	offendes	offende	offendemos	offendeis	offendem
Imperfect	offendia	offendias	offendia	offendíamos	offendíeis	offendiam
Preterite	offendi	offendeste	offendeu	offendemos	offendestes	offenderam
Pluperfect	offendera	offenderas	offendera	offendêramos	offendêreis	offenderam
Future	offenderei	offenderás	offenderá	offenderemos	offendereis	offenderão
Conditional	offenderia	offenderias	offenderia	offenderíamos	offenderíeis	offenderiam
Subjunctive
Present	offenda	offendas	offenda	offendamos	offendais	offendam
Imperfect	offendesse	offendesses	offendesse	offendêssemos	offendêsseis	offendessem
Future	offender	offenderes	offender	offendermos	offenderdes	offenderem
Imperative
Affirmative		offende	offenda	offendamos	offendei	offendam
Negative (não)		não offendas	não offenda	não offendamos	não offendais	não offendam