उत्स

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 28 April 2023

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• উত্স (Assamese script)
• ᬉᬢ᭄ᬲ (Balinese script)
• উত্স (Bengali script)
• 𑰄𑰝𑰿𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• ဥတ္သ (Burmese script)
• ઉત્સ (Gujarati script)
• ਉਤ੍ਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌉𑌤𑍍𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦈꦠ꧀ꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂇𑂞𑂹𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ಉತ್ಸ (Kannada script)
• ឧត្ស (Khmer script)
• ອຸຕ຺ສ (Lao script)
• ഉത്സ (Malayalam script)
• ᡠᢠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘄𑘝𑘿𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᠤᢐᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦤𑦽𑧠𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐄𑐟𑑂𑐳 (Newa script)
• ଉତ୍ସ (Odia script)
• ꢆꢡ꣄ꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆇𑆠𑇀𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖄𑖝𑖿𑖭 (Siddham script)
• උත‍්ස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩒𑩫 𑪙𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚄𑚙𑚶𑚨 (Takri script)
• உத்ஸ (Tamil script)
• ఉత్స (Telugu script)
• อุตฺส (Thai script)
• ཨུ་ཏྶ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒅𑒞𑓂𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨃𑨙𑩇𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wed-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *wédos

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *úd-so-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *útsas

Sanskrit उत्स

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *úd-so-s, derivative of *wédos (“water”), from *wed- (“water; to be wet”). Cognate with Old Armenian գետ (get, “river”). Also related to उदन् (udan) and उदक (udaka) which see for more cognates.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /út.sɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ut̪.s̪ɐ/

Noun

उत्स॑ • (útsa) stem, m

1. a spring, fountain, water-source
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.57.1:

     आ रु॑द्रास॒ इन्द्र॑वन्तः स॒जोष॑सो॒ हिर॑ण्यरथाः सुवि॒ताय॑ गन्तन ।
     इ॒यं वो॑ अ॒स्मत्प्रति॑ हर्यते म॒तिस्तृ॒ष्णजे॒ न दि॒व उत्सा॑ उद॒न्यवे॑ ॥

     ā́ rudrāsa índravantaḥ sajóṣaso híraṇyarathāḥ suvitā́ya gantana.
     iyáṃ vo asmátpráti haryate matístṛṣṇáje ná divá útsā udanyáve.

     Of one accord, with Indra, O ye Rudras, come borne on your golden car for our prosperity.
     An offering from us, this hymn is brought to you, like heavenly springs unto one who thirsts for water.

2. (figuratively) a cloud

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of उत्स॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उत्सः॑ (útsaḥ)	उत्सौ॑ (útsau) उत्सा॑¹ (útsā¹)	उत्साः॑ (útsāḥ) उत्सा॑सः¹ (útsāsaḥ¹)
accusative	उत्स॑म् (útsam)	उत्सौ॑ (útsau) उत्सा॑¹ (útsā¹)	उत्सा॑न् (útsān)
instrumental	उत्से॑न (útsena)	उत्सा॑भ्याम् (útsābhyām)	उत्सैः॑ (útsaiḥ) उत्से॑भिः¹ (útsebhiḥ¹)
dative	उत्सा॑य (útsāya)	उत्सा॑भ्याम् (útsābhyām)	उत्से॑भ्यः (útsebhyaḥ)
ablative	उत्सा॑त् (útsāt)	उत्सा॑भ्याम् (útsābhyām)	उत्से॑भ्यः (útsebhyaḥ)
genitive	उत्स॑स्य (útsasya)	उत्स॑योः (útsayoḥ)	उत्सा॑नाम् (útsānām)
locative	उत्से॑ (útse)	उत्स॑योः (útsayoḥ)	उत्से॑षु (útseṣu)
vocative	उत्स॑ (útsa)	उत्सौ॑ (útsau) उत्सा॑¹ (útsā¹)	उत्साः॑ (útsāḥ) उत्सा॑सः¹ (útsāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• उ॒त्स्य॑ (utsyà, “coming from a spring or fountain”)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: uts (“spring”)
  • Khowar: اُڅ (uts, “spring”)
• → Bengali: উৎস (utśo, “source”) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “उत्स”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 181, column 3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 213
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “útsa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 86