उदक

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wed-

Proto-Indo-European *-r̥

Proto-Indo-European *wód-r̥ ~ *ud-né-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáH-r̥ ~ *ud-ná-s

Sanskrit उ॒द- (udá-)

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Sanskrit -क (-ka)

Sanskrit उदक (udaka)lbor.

Hindi उदक

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उदक (udaka). Related to ऊद (ūd, “otter”), उदधि (uddhi, “ocean”), उदजन (udjan, “hydrogen”), बार (bār, “rain”), and बारिश (bāriś, “rain”). Distant cognate with Old English wæter (whence English water).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʊ.d̪ək/, [ʊ.d̪ɐk]

Noun

उदक • (udak) m

(literary) water
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:पानी
the ceremony of offering water to a dead person

Declension

Declension of *उदक* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	उदक udak	उदक udak
oblique	उदक udak	उदकों udakõ
vocative	उदक udak	उदको udako

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “उदक”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884), “उदक”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “उदक”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Konkani

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit उदक (udaká).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /u.d̪əː/, [u.d̪əːk]
(dialectal)
- IPA^(key): /u.d̪iːk/, [u.d̪iː]

Noun

उदक • (udak) n (Latin script udok, Kannada script ಉದಕ)

water

Declension

Declension of उदक
	singular	plural
ergative	उदकान (udakan)	—
nominative	उदक (udak)	—
vocative	उदक (udak)	—
accusative/dative	उदकाक (udkāk)	—
superessive	उदकाचेर/उदकान (udkācer/udkān)	—
instrumental	उदकानि (udakāni)	—
ablative	उदकात्ल्यान (udkātlyān)	—

Genitive declension of उदक
	masculine object		feminine object
	singular	plural	singular	plural
singular subject	उदकाचो (udkātsô)	उदकाचे (udkāce)	उदकाची (udkācī)	उदकाची (udkācī)
plural subject	—	—	—	—

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

udaka (Latin script)
𑀉𑀤𑀓 (Brahmi script)
উদক (Bengali script)
උදක (Sinhalese script)
ဥဒက or ဢုၻၵ (Burmese script)
อุทก or อุทะกะ (Thai script)
ᩏᨴᨠ (Tai Tham script)
ອຸທກ or ອຸທະກະ (Lao script)
ឧទក (Khmer script)
𑄃𑄪𑄘𑄇 (Chakma script)

Noun

उदक n

Devanagari script form of udaka (“water”)

Declension

Declension table of "उदक" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	उदकं (udakaṃ)	उदकानि (udakāni)
Accusative (second)	उदकं (udakaṃ)	उदकानि (udakāni)
Instrumental (third)	उदकेन (udakena)	उदकेहि (udakehi) or उदकेभि (udakebhi)
Dative (fourth)	उदकस्स (udakassa) or उदकाय (udakāya) or उदकत्थं (udakatthaṃ)	उदकानं (udakānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	उदकस्मा (udakasmā) or उदकम्हा (udakamhā) or उदका (udakā)	उदकेहि (udakehi) or उदकेभि (udakebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	उदकस्स (udakassa)	उदकानं (udakānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	उदकस्मिं (udakasmiṃ) or उदकम्हि (udakamhi) or उदके (udake)	उदकेसु (udakesu)
Vocative (calling)	उदक (udaka)	उदकानि (udakāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

উদক (Assamese script)
ᬉᬤᬓ (Balinese script)
উদক (Bengali script)
𑰄𑰟𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀉𑀤𑀓 (Brahmi script)
ဥဒက (Burmese script)
ઉદક (Gujarati script)
ਉਦਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌉𑌦𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦈꦢꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂇𑂠𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಉದಕ (Kannada script)
ឧទក (Khmer script)
ອຸທກ (Lao script)
ഉദക (Malayalam script)
ᡠᡩᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘄𑘟𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠤᢑᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦤𑦿𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐄𑐡𑐎 (Newa script)
ଉଦକ (Odia script)
ꢆꢣꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆇𑆢𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖄𑖟𑖎 (Siddham script)
උදක (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩒𑩭𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚄𑚛𑚊 (Takri script)
உத³க (Tamil script)
ఉదక (Telugu script)
อุทก (Thai script)
ཨུ་ད་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒅𑒠𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨃𑨛𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wed-

Proto-Indo-European *-r̥

Proto-Indo-European *wód-r̥ ~ *ud-né-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáH-r̥ ~ *ud-ná-s

Sanskrit उ॒द- (udá-)

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Sanskrit -क (-ka)

Sanskrit उ॒द॒क

From उ॒द- (udá-, “water”) + -क (-ka). Cognate with English water, Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), Lithuanian vanduo and Russian вода́ (vodá).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /u.dɐ.kɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /u.d̪ɐ.kɐ/

Noun

उ॒द॒क • (udaká) stem, n

water
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.166.5:
  यो॒ग॒क्षे॒मं व॑ आ॒दाया॒हं भू॑यासम् उत्त॒म आ वो॑ मू॒र्धान॑म् अक्रमीम् ।
  अ॒ध॒स् प॒दान् म॒ उद् व॑दत म॒ण्डूका॑ इवोद॒कान् म॒ण्डूका॑ उद॒काद् इ॑व ॥
  yogakṣemáṃ va ādā́yāháṃ bhūyāsam uttamá ā́ vo mūrdhā́nam akramīm.
  adhas padā́n ma úd vadata maṇḍū́kā ivodakā́n maṇḍū́kā udakā́d iva.
  May I be highest [among you rivals], having gained your secured possessions, my feet have trodden on your heads.
  Speak to me from beneath my feet, as frogs from out the water croak; as frogs from out the water croak.
the ceremony of offering water to a dead person
ablution (as a ceremony)
a particular metre

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of उ॒द॒क
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उ॒द॒कम् (udakám)	उ॒द॒के (udaké)	उ॒द॒कानि॑ (udakā́ni) उ॒द॒का¹ (udakā́¹)
accusative	उ॒द॒कम् (udakám)	उ॒द॒के (udaké)	उ॒द॒कानि॑ (udakā́ni) उ॒द॒का¹ (udakā́¹)
instrumental	उ॒द॒केन॑ (udakéna)	उ॒द॒काभ्या॑म् (udakā́bhyām)	उ॒द॒कैः (udakáiḥ) उ॒द॒केभिः॑¹ (udakébhiḥ¹)
dative	उ॒द॒काय॑ (udakā́ya)	उ॒द॒काभ्या॑म् (udakā́bhyām)	उ॒द॒केभ्यः॑ (udakébhyaḥ)
ablative	उ॒द॒कात् (udakā́t)	उ॒द॒काभ्या॑म् (udakā́bhyām)	उ॒द॒केभ्यः॑ (udakébhyaḥ)
genitive	उ॒द॒कस्य॑ (udakásya)	उ॒द॒कयोः॑ (udakáyoḥ)	उ॒द॒काना॑म् (udakā́nām)
locative	उ॒द॒के (udaké)	उ॒द॒कयोः॑ (udakáyoḥ)	उ॒द॒केषु॑ (udakéṣu)
vocative	उद॑क (údaka)	उद॑के (údake)	उद॑कानि (údakāni) उद॑का¹ (údakā¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑀕 (udaga), 𑀤𑀕 (daga), 𑀉𑀤𑀬 (udaya)
Dardic:
- Kalasha: uk
- Khowar: اُوغ (uġ)
Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: දිය (diya)
Gandhari: 𐨀𐨂𐨡𐨒 (udaga)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑀅 (udaa)
→ Bengali: উদক (udok)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀅𑀅 (uaa), 𑀉𑀤𑀬 (udaya)
Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨂𐨡𐨒𐨹 (udaǵa)
Pali: udaka
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑀅 (udaa)
→ Hindi: उदक (udak)
→ Konkani: udak
Devanagari script: उदक

Kannada script: ಉದಕ

Latin script: udok
→ Telugu: ఉదకము (udakamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “उदक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 183, column 2.