गोष्ठ

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 13 February 2024

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গোষ্ঠ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᭀᬱ᭄ᬞ (Balinese script)
• গোষ্ঠ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰺𑰬𑰿𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑁄𑀱𑁆𑀞 (Brahmi script)
• ဂေါၑ္ဌ (Burmese script)
• ગોષ્ઠ (Gujarati script)
• ਗੋਸ਼੍ਠ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍋𑌷𑍍𑌠 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦺꦴꦰ꧀ꦜ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂷𑂭𑂹𑂘 (Kaithi script)
• ಗೋಷ್ಠ (Kannada script)
• គោឞ្ឋ (Khmer script)
• ໂຄຩ຺ຐ (Lao script)
• ഗോഷ്ഠ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠣᢢᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘻𑘬𑘿𑘙 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠣᠸᠠᢔᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧜𑧌𑧠𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑑀𑐲𑑂𑐛 (Newa script)
• ଗୋଷ୍ଠ (Odia script)
• ꢔꣂꢰ꣄ꢝ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆾𑆰𑇀𑆜 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖺𑖬𑖿𑖙 (Siddham script)
• ගොෂ‍්ඨ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩕𑪀 𑪙𑩧 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚴𑚶𑚕 (Takri script)
• கே³ாஷ்ட² (Tamil script)
• గోష్ఠ (Telugu script)
• โคษฺฐ (Thai script)
• གོ་ཥྛ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒼𑒭𑓂𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨆𑨯𑩇𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws

Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-

Sanskrit गोष्ठ (goṣṭha)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷow-sth₂-ó-, from *gʷṓws (“cow”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). By surface analysis, गो (go) +‎ स्थ (stha). Cognate with Celtiberian boustom (“cow-house”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐwʂ.ʈʰɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡoːʂ.ʈʰɐ/

Noun

गोष्ठ • (goṣṭhá) stem, m

1. cow-pen, cowshed, cattle abode
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.28.1:

     आ गावो अग्मन्नुत भद्रमक्रन्त्सीदन्तु गोष्ठे रणयन्त्वस्मे ।

     ā gāvo agmannuta bhadramakrantsīdantu goṣṭhe raṇayantvasme.

     The cows have come and brought good fortune: let them rest in the cow-pen and be happy near us.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
2. stable (for other domesticated animals)
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
3. meeting-place
4. a male given name

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गोष्ठ

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गोष्ठः (goṣṭháḥ)	गोष्ठौ (goṣṭháu) गोष्ठा¹ (goṣṭhā́¹)	गोष्ठाः (goṣṭhā́ḥ) गोष्ठासः¹ (goṣṭhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	गोष्ठम् (goṣṭhám)	गोष्ठौ (goṣṭháu) गोष्ठा¹ (goṣṭhā́¹)	गोष्ठान् (goṣṭhā́n)
instrumental	गोष्ठेन (goṣṭhéna)	गोष्ठाभ्याम् (goṣṭhā́bhyām)	गोष्ठैः (goṣṭháiḥ) गोष्ठेभिः¹ (goṣṭhébhiḥ¹)
dative	गोष्ठाय (goṣṭhā́ya)	गोष्ठाभ्याम् (goṣṭhā́bhyām)	गोष्ठेभ्यः (goṣṭhébhyaḥ)
ablative	गोष्ठात् (goṣṭhā́t)	गोष्ठाभ्याम् (goṣṭhā́bhyām)	गोष्ठेभ्यः (goṣṭhébhyaḥ)
genitive	गोष्ठस्य (goṣṭhásya)	गोष्ठयोः (goṣṭháyoḥ)	गोष्ठानाम् (goṣṭhā́nām)
locative	गोष्ठे (goṣṭhé)	गोष्ठयोः (goṣṭháyoḥ)	गोष्ठेषु (goṣṭhéṣu)
vocative	गोष्ठ (góṣṭha)	गोष्ठौ (góṣṭhau) गोष्ठा¹ (góṣṭhā¹)	गोष्ठाः (góṣṭhāḥ) गोष्ठासः¹ (góṣṭhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: goṣṭ
• Pali: goṭṭha
• Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (gŏṭṭha)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Bengali: গোঠ (gōṭh)
      • Bhojpuri: गोठ (gōṭh)
      • Odia: ଗୋଠ (goṭha), ଗୁଠ (guṭha)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Kumaoni: गोठ (goṭh)
      • Nepali: गोठ (goṭh)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Sindhi: g̠oṭhu

        Arabic script: ڳوٺُ

        Devanagari script: ॻोठु

  • Southern:
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (goṭṭha), 𑀕𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (guṭṭha)
      • Konkani: goṭo

        Devanagari script: गोटो

        Kannada script: ಗೊಟೊ

        Latin script: gotto

      • Marathi: गोठा (goṭhā)
  • Western:
    • Gujarati: ગોઠો (goṭho), ગોઠા (goṭhā)
• → South Dravidian:
  • Old Kannada: ಕೊಟ್ಟಗೆ (koṭṭage)
    • Kannada: ಕೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (koṭṭige)
      • → Konkani: कोड्के (koḍke)
  • Tamil: கொட்டகை (koṭṭakai), கொட்டகம் (koṭṭakam)
• Punjabic:
  • Punjabi: gohth

    Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਹਥ

    Shahmukhi script: گوہتھ

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “गोष्ठ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 367.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “goṣṭha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “goṣṭha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.