दुश्मन

See also: दुश्मनी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánas, from Proto-Indo-European *dusménos. Doublet of दुर्मना (durmanā) and दुमन (duman). Compare Assamese দুছমন (dusomon), Bengali দুশমন (duśmon), Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Marathi दुशमन (duśman), Nepali दुश्मन (duśman), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Santali ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊʃ.mən/, [d̪ʊʃ.mɐ̃n]

Noun

दुश्मन • (duśman) m (Urdu spelling دشمن)

1. enemy, foe

Declension

Declension of दुश्मन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	दुश्मन duśman	दुश्मन duśman
oblique	दुश्मन duśman	दुश्मनों duśmanõ
vocative	दुश्मन duśman	दुश्मनो duśmano

Synonyms

• शत्रु (śatru)

Derived terms

• अक़्ल का दुश्मन (aqla kā duśman)

Derived terms

• दुश्मनी (duśmanī)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “दुश्मन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Nepali

Alternative forms

• दुस्मन [dusman]

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d̪usmʌn]
• Phonetic Devanagari: दुस्मन्

Noun

दुश्मन • (duśman)

1. enemy, foe

References

• “दुश्मन”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “दुश्मन”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar