دشمن

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic	дүшмән
Roman	düşmən
Perso-Arabic	دوشمن, دشمن

Noun

دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی‎ (düşməni), plural دشمنلر‎ (düşmənlər))

1. Arabic spelling of düşmən (“enemy”)

Declension

Declension of دشمن

	singular	plural
nominative	دشمن	دشمنلر‎
definite accusative	دشمنی‎	دشمنلری‎
dative	دشمنه‎	دشمنلره‎
locative	دشمنده‎	دشمنلرده‎
ablative	دشمندن‎	دشمنلردن‎
definite genitive	دشمنین‎	دشمنلرین‎

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Baluchi

Noun

دشمن • (dušman)

1. enemy

See also

• دژمن‎ (dužman)

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Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• دشمن‎ (düşman)

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دشمن‎ (došman).

Noun

دشمن • (düşmen)

1. enemy, foe

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Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšmn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗‎ (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *men- (“mind”).

Pronunciation

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): [doʃˈmæn]

Noun

Dari Persian	دشمن
Iranian Persian
Tajik	душман (dušman)

دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان‎ (došmanân))

1. enemy

Inflection

basic forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
bare	دشمن (došmán)	دشمن‌ها (došman-hấ) دشمنا (došmanấ) (colloquial)
definitive direct object	دشمن را (došmán râ) دشمن رو (došmáno) (colloquial)	دشمن‌ها را (došman-hấ râ) دشمنا رو (došmanấ ro) (colloquial)
ezâfé	دشمن (došmán-e)	دشمن‌های (došman-hấ-ye) دشمنای (došmanấ-ye) (colloquial)
marked indefinite, relative definite	دشمنی (došmán-i)	دشمن‌هایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i) دشمنایی (došmanấi) (colloquial)

possessive forms of دشمن‎

	singular	plural
1st person singular (my)	دشمنم (došmánam)	دشمن‌هایم (došman-hấyam) دشمن‌هام، دشمنام (došmanấm) (colloquial)
2nd person singular (your)	دشمنت (došmánat) (došmánet) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایت (došman-hấyat) دشمن‌هات، دشمنات (došmanất) (colloquial)
3rd person singular (his/her/its)	دشمنش (došmánaš) (došmáneš) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایش (došman-hấyaš) دشمن‌هاش، دشمناش (došmanấš) (colloquial)
1st person plural (our)	دشمنمان (došmánemân) دشمنمون (došmánemun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایمان (došman-hấyemân) دشمن‌هامون، دشمنامون (došmanấmun) (colloquial)
2nd person plural (your)	دشمنتان (došmánetân) دشمنتون (došmánetun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایتان (došman-hấyetân) دشمن‌هاتون، دشمناتون (došmanấtun) (colloquial)
3rd person plural (their)	دشمنشان (došmánešân) دشمنشون (došmánešun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایشان (došman-hấyešân) دشمن‌هاشون، دشمناشون (došmanấšun) (colloquial)

predicative forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
1st person (I am/we are)	دشمنم (došmánam)	دشمنیم (došmánim)
2nd person (you are)	دشمنی (došmáni)	دشمنید (došmánid) دشمنین (došmánin) (colloquial)
3rd person (he, she, it is/they are)	دشمن است (došmán ast) دشمنه (došmáne) (colloquial)	دشمنند (došmánand) دشمنن (došmánan) (colloquial)

Antonyms

• دوست‎ (dust)

Derived terms

• دشمنی‎ (došmani)

Borrowed terms

• Armenian: դուշման (dušman)
• Assamese: দুছমন (dusmon)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: [script needed] (dižmin)
• Avar: тушман (tušman)
• Azeri: дүшмән / düşmən
• Bashkir: дошман (došman)
• Bengali: দুশমন (duśmôn)
• Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
• Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
• Erzya: душман
• Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
• Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
• Moksha: душман (dušman)
• Old Tati:

  Old Azari: دشمن‎ (dusmon)

• Ottoman Turkish: دشمن‎ (düşman), دشمن‎ (düşmen)
  • Turkish: düşman
  • → Laz: დუშმენი (dušmeni), დუშმანი (dušmani)
  • → Bulgarian: душман (dušman), душманин (dušmanin)
  • → Macedonian: душман (dušman)
  • → Romanian: dușman, dușmancă
  • → Serbo-Croatian: ду̏шман / dȕšman
• Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
• Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
• Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (dushmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
• Romani: dušman
• Russian: душма́н (dušmán)
• Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)
• Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmon)
• Turkmen: душман / duşman
• Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
• Urdu: دشمن‎ (duśman)
• Uzbek: душман / dushman

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192

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Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دشمن‎ (došman).

Noun

دشمن • (dshmn) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ)

1. enemy, villain

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دشمن‎ (došman).

Noun

دشمن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)

1. enemy, foe

Related terms

• دشمنی‎ (duśmanī)