دشمن

Azeri

Other scripts
Cyrillic	дүшмән
Roman	düşmən
Perso-Arabic	دوشمن, دشمن

Alternative forms

• دشمن (düşmən)

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (dušman).

Noun

دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər))

1. enemy

Declension

Declension of دشمن

	singular	plural
nominative	دشمن	دشمنلر
definite accusative	دشمنی	دشمنلری
dative	دشمنه	دشمنلره
locative	دشمنده	دشمنلرده
ablative	دشمندن	دشمنلردن
definite genitive	دشمنین	دشمنلرین

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Baluchi

Noun

دشمن • (dušman)

1. enemy

See also

• دژمن (dužman)

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Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• دشمن (düşman)

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

دشمن • (düşmen)

1. enemy, foe

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Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian dwšmn', dwšmyn' (dušmen, “enemy”), Manichaean Middle Persian dwšmyn (dušmen, “enemy”), an old compound from at least Indo-Iranian period originally meaning "evil-minded", the component parts go back to Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) and *ménos (“mind”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): [doʃˈmæn]

Noun

Dari	دشمن
Iranian Persian	دشمن
Tajik	душман (dušman)

دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))

1. enemy

Inflection

basic forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
bare	دشمن (došmán)	دشمن‌ها (došman-hấ) دشمنا (došmanấ) (colloquial)
definitive direct object	دشمن را (došmán râ) دشمن رو (došmáno) (colloquial)	دشمن‌ها را (došman-hấ râ) دشمنا رو (došmanấ ro) (colloquial)
ezâfé	دشمن (došmán-e)	دشمن‌های (došman-hấ-ye) دشمنای (došmanấ-ye) (colloquial)
marked indefinite, relative definite	دشمنی (došmán-i)	دشمن‌هایی (došman-hấ-i) دشمنایی (došmanấi) (colloquial)

possessive forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
1st person singular (my)	دشمنم (došmánam)	دشمن‌هایم (došman-hấyam) دشمن‌هام، دشمنام (došmanấm) (colloquial)
2nd person singular (your)	دشمنت (došmánat) (došmánet) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایت (došman-hấyat) دشمن‌هات، دشمنات (došmanất) (colloquial)
3rd person singular (his/her/its)	دشمنش (došmánaš) (došmáneš) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایش (došman-hấyaš) دشمن‌هاش، دشمناش (došmanấš) (colloquial)
1st person plural (our)	دشمنمان (došmánemân) دشمنمون (došmánemun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایمان (došman-hấyemân) دشمن‌هامون، دشمنامون (došmanấmun) (colloquial)
2nd person plural (your)	دشمنتان (došmánetân) دشمنتون (došmánetun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایتان (došman-hấyetân) دشمن‌هاتون، دشمناتون (došmanấtun) (colloquial)
3rd person plural (their)	دشمنشان (došmánešân) دشمنشون (došmánešun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایشان (došman-hấyešân) دشمن‌هاشون، دشمناشون (došmanấšun) (colloquial)

predicative forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
1st person (I am/we are)	دشمنم (došmánam)	دشمنیم (došmánim)
2nd person (you are)	دشمنی (došmáni)	دشمنید (došmánid) دشمنین (došmánin) (colloquial)
3rd person (he, she, it is/they are)	دشمن است (došmán ast) دشمنه (došmáne) (colloquial)	دشمنند (došmánand) دشمنن (došmánan) (colloquial)

Derived terms

• دشمنی (došmani)

Antonyms

• دوست (dust)

Descendants

• → Armenian: դուշման (dušman)
• → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: [script needed] (dižmin)
• → Avar: тушман (tušman)
• → Azeri: дүшмән / düşmən
• → Bashkir: дошман (došman)
• → Bengali: দুশমন (duśman)
• → Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
• → Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
• → Erzya: душман
• → Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
• → Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
• → Moksha: душман (dušman)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)
  • Turkish: düşman
  • → Laz: დუშმენი (dušmeni), დუშმანი (dušmani)
  • → Bulgarian: душман (dušman), душманин (dušmanin)
  • → Macedonian: душман (dušman)
  • → Romanian: dușman, dușmancă
  • → Serbo-Croatian: ду̏шман / dȕšman
• → Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
• → Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
• → Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
• → Romani: dušman
• → Russian: душман (dušmán)
• → Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusman)
• → Turkmen: душман / duşman
• → Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
• → Urdu: دشمن (duśman)
• → Uzbek: душман / dushman

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192

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Urdu

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

دشمن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)

1. enemy, foe

Related terms

• دشمنی (duśmanī)