دشمن

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Azerbaijani[edit]

Noun[edit]

دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی‎ (düşməni), plural دشمنلر‎ (düşmənlər))

  1. Arabic spelling of düşmən (“enemy”)

Declension[edit]

Declension of دشمن
singular plural
nominative دشمن دشمنلر‎
definite accusative دشمنی‎ دشمنلری‎
dative دشمنه‎ دشمنلره‎
locative دشمنده‎ دشمنلرده‎
ablative دشمندن‎ دشمنلردن‎
definite genitive دشمنین‎ دشمنلرین‎

Baluchi[edit]

Noun[edit]

دشمن • (dušman)

  1. enemy

See also[edit]

Khalaj[edit]

Noun[edit]

دُشمَن (duşman) (definite accusative دُشمَنؽ‎, plural دُشمَنلار‎)

  1. Arabic spelling of duşman (“enemy”)

Declension[edit]

Declension of دُشمَن
singular plural
nominative دُشمَن دُشمَنلار‎
genitive دُشمَنؽین‎ دُشمَنلارؽین‎
dative دُشمَنقا‎, دُشمَنا‎ دُشمَنلارقا‎, دُشمَنلارا‎
definite accusative دُشمَنؽ‎ دُشمَنلارؽ‎
locative دُشمَنچا‎ دُشمَنلارچا‎
ablative دُشمَندا‎ دُشمَنلاردا‎
instrumental دُشمَنلا‎ دُشمَنلارلا‎
equative دُشمَنوارا‎ دُشمَنلاروارا‎
quantitative دُشمَنقَدَر‎ دُشمَنلارقَدَر‎

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Persian دشمن‎ (došman) (compare Avar тушман (tušman), Azerbaijani düşmən, Baluchi دژمن‎ (dužman), دشمن‎ (dušman), Bashkir дошман (doşman), Bengali দুশমন (duśmôn), Chuvash тӑшман (tăšman), Crimean Tatar duşman, Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Kazakh дұшпан (dūşpan), Kumyk душман (duşman), Northern Kurdish dijmin, دوژمن‎ (dujmin), Macedonian душман (dušman), Moksha душман (dušman), Pashto دوښمن‎ (duӽmán), دښمن‎ (doӽmán), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Russian душма́н (dušmán), Sindhi دشمن‎, Southern Altai тушман (tušman), Tajik душман (dušman), Turkmen duşman, Urdu دشمن‎ (duśman), Uyghur دۈشمەن‎ (düshmen), Uzbek dushman, Zazaki dışmen).

Noun[edit]

دشمن • (düşmen, düşman)

  1. enemy, foe
    • 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎[1], page 500:
      ‏دشمنلر و خلیفه‌لر برابر اوله‌بیلیرلر و هر شی یاپمغه تشبث ایده‌بیلیرلر. فقط ، یكی توركیه‌نك طرز اداره‌سنی ، سیاستنی ، قوتی قطعیاً صارصه‌مزلر.‎‎
      Düşmanlar ve halifeler beraber olabilirler ve her şey yapmaya teşebbüs edebilirler. Fakat, yeñi Türkiye'nin tarz idaresini, siyasetini, kuvveti katiyen sarsamazlar.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Descendants[edit]

Persian[edit]

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗‎ (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *men- (“mind”), but compare English man, Sanskrit मनु (manu, “thinking, wise, intelligent”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Dari دشمن
Iranian Persian
Tajik душман (dušman)

دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان‎ (došmanân))

  1. enemy

Inflection[edit]

    Enclitic-attached forms of دشمن (došman)
    Basic forms of دشمن (došman)
singular plural
bare دشمن
(došmán) 		دشمن‌ها
(došman-hấ)
دشمنا △
(došmanấ)
definitive direct object دشمن را
(došmán râ)
دشمن رو △
(došmáno) 		دشمن‌ها را
(došman-hấ râ)
دشمنا رو △
(došmanấ ro)
ezâfe دشمن
(došmán-e) 		دشمن‌های
(došman-hấ-ye)
دشمنای △
(došmanấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite 		دشمنی
(došmán-i) 		دشمن‌هایی
(došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i)
دشمنایی △
(došmanấi)
△ Colloquial.
    Possessive forms of دشمن (došman)
singular plural
1st person singular
(“my”) 		دشمنم‎
(došmánam) 		دشمن‌هایم‎
(došman-hấyam)
دشمن‌هام، دشمنام‎ △
(došmanấm)
2nd person singular
(“your”) 		دشمنت‎
(došmánat)
[Term?] △
(došmánet) 		دشمن‌هایت‎
(došman-hấyat)
دشمن‌هات، دشمنات‎ △
(došmanất)
3rd person singular
(“his, her, its”) 		دشمنش‎
(došmánaš)
[Term?] △
(došmáneš) 		دشمن‌هایش‎
(došman-hấyaš)
دشمن‌هاش، دشمناش‎ △
(došmanấš)
1st plural
(“our”) 		دشمنمان‎
(došmánemân)
دشمنمون‎ △
(došmánemun) 		دشمن‌هایمان‎
(došman-hấyemân)
دشمن‌هامون، دشمنامون‎ △
(došmanấmun)
2nd plural
(“your”) 		دشمنتان‎
(došmánetân)
دشمنتون‎ △
(došmánetun) 		دشمن‌هایتان‎
(došman-hấyetân)
دشمن‌هاتون، دشمناتون‎ △
(došmanấtun)
3rd plural
(“their”) 		دشمنشان‎
(došmánešân)
دشمنشون‎ △
(došmánešun) 		دشمن‌هایشان‎
(došman-hấyešân)
دشمن‌هاشون، دشمناشون‎ △
(došmanấšun)
△ Colloquial.
    Predicative forms of دشمن (došman)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”) 		دشمنم‎
(došmánam) 		دشمنیم‎
(došmánim)
2nd person
(“you are”) 		دشمنی‎
(došmáni) 		دشمنید‎
(došmánid)
دشمنین‎ △
(došmánin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”) 		دشمن است‎
(došmán ast)
دشمنه‎ △
(došmáne) 		دشمنند‎
(došmánand)
دشمنن‎ △
(došmánan)
△ Colloquial.

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Persian دشمن‎ (došman).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

دُشْمَن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)

  1. enemy, foe
  2. opponent
    Synonym: مُخالف‎ (muxālif)

Declension[edit]

Declension of دشمن
singular plural
direct دُشمن‎ (duśman) دُشمن‎ (duśman)
oblique دُشمن‎ (duśman) دُشمنوں‎ (duśmanō̃)
vocative دُشمن‎ (duśman) دُشمنو‎ (duśmanō)

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • S. W. Fallon (1879), “دشمن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
  • “دشمن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Platts, John T. (1884), “دشمن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “دشمن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • “دشمن”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
  • John Shakespear (1834), “دشمن”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, OCLC 875051092
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=دشمن&oldid=71082428"