دشمن
Azerbaijani[edit]
Noun[edit]
دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər))
Declension[edit]
Baluchi[edit]
Noun[edit]
دشمن • (dušman)
See also[edit]
- دژمن (dužman)
Khalaj[edit]
Noun[edit]
دُشمَن (duşman) (definite accusative دُشمَنؽ, plural دُشمَنلار)
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | دُشمَن | دُشمَنلار |
genitive | دُشمَنؽین | دُشمَنلارؽین |
dative | دُشمَنقا, دُشمَنا | دُشمَنلارقا, دُشمَنلارا |
definite accusative | دُشمَنؽ | دُشمَنلارؽ |
locative | دُشمَنچا | دُشمَنلارچا |
ablative | دُشمَندا | دُشمَنلاردا |
instrumental | دُشمَنلا | دُشمَنلارلا |
equative | دُشمَنوارا | دُشمَنلاروارا |
quantitative | دُشمَنقَدَر | دُشمَنلارقَدَر |
Ottoman Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman) (compare Avar тушман (tušman), Azerbaijani düşmən, Baluchi دژمن (dužman), دشمن (dušman), Bashkir дошман (doşman), Bengali দুশমন (duśmôn), Chuvash тӑшман (tăšman), Crimean Tatar duşman, Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Kazakh дұшпан (dūşpan), Kumyk душман (duşman), Northern Kurdish dijmin, دوژمن (dujmin), Macedonian душман (dušman), Moksha душман (dušman), Pashto دوښمن (duӽmán), دښمن (doӽmán), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Russian душма́н (dušmán), Sindhi دشمن, Southern Altai тушман (tušman), Tajik душман (dušman), Turkmen duşman, Urdu دشمن (duśman), Uyghur دۈشمەن (düshmen), Uzbek dushman, Zazaki dışmen).
Noun[edit]
دشمن • (düşmen, düşman)
- enemy, foe
- 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk[1], page 500:
- دشمنلر و خلیفهلر برابر اولهبیلیرلر و هر شی یاپمغه تشبث ایدهبیلیرلر. فقط ، یكی توركیهنك طرز ادارهسنی ، سیاستنی ، قوتی قطعیاً صارصهمزلر.
- Düşmanlar ve halifeler beraber olabilirler ve her şey yapmaya teşebbüs edebilirler. Fakat, yeñi Türkiye'nin tarz idaresini, siyasetini, kuvveti katiyen sarsamazlar.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Descendants[edit]
Persian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *men- (“mind”), but compare English man, Sanskrit मनु (manu, “thinking, wise, intelligent”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /duʃman/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /dʊʃman/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /doʃmæn/
Noun[edit]
Dari | دشمن |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | душман (dušman) |
دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))
Inflection[edit]
Enclitic-attached forms of دشمن (došman) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Antonyms[edit]
- دوست (dust)
Derived terms[edit]
- دشمنی (došmani)
Descendants[edit]
- → Armenian: դուշման (dušman)
- → Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)
- → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)
- → Avar: тушман (tušman)
- → Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән
- → Bashkir: дошман (doşman)
- → Bengali: দুশমন (duśmôn)
- → Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
- → Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
- → Erzya: душман (dušman)
- → Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)
- → Khalaj: duşman
- → Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
- → Moksha: душман (dušman)
- → Old Tati:
- Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دشمن, دشمن (düşmen)
- → Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
- → Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
- → Romani: duśman
- → Russian: душма́н (dušmán)
- → Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)
- → Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)
- → Turkmen: душман, duşman
- → Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
- → Urdu: دشمن (duśman)
- → Uzbek: душман (dushman), dushman
References[edit]
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192
Urdu[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪ʊʃ.mən/
- Rhymes: -ən
Noun[edit]
دُشْمَن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)
Declension[edit]
Declension of دشمن | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | دُشمن (duśman) | دُشمن (duśman) |
oblique | دُشمن (duśman) | دُشمنوں (duśmanō̃) |
vocative | دُشمن (duśman) | دُشمنو (duśmanō) |
Related terms[edit]
- دشمنی (duśmanī)
References[edit]
- S. W. Fallon (1879), “دشمن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- “دشمن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “دشمن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “دشمن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- “دشمن”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
- John Shakespear (1834), “دشمن”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, OCLC 875051092
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