دشمن
Azerbaijani[edit]
Other scripts | ||
---|---|---|
Cyrillic | дүшмән | |
Roman | düşmən | |
Perso-Arabic | دوشمن, دشمن |
Noun[edit]
دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər))
Declension[edit]
Baluchi[edit]
Noun[edit]
دشمن • (dušman)
See also[edit]
- دژمن (dužman)
Ottoman Turkish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- دشمن (düşman)
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman) (compare Avar тушман (tušman), Azerbaijani düşmən, Baluchi دژمن (dužman), دشمن (dušman), Bashkir дошман (došman), Bengali দুশমন (duśmôn), Chuvash тӑшман (tăšman), Crimean Tatar duşman, Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Kazakh дұшпан (duşpan), Kumyk душман (duşman), Northern Kurdish dijmin, دوژمن (dujmin), Macedonian душман (dušman), Moksha душман (dušman), Pashto دوښمن (duӽmán), دښمن (doӽmán), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Russian душма́н (dušmán), Sindhi دشمن, Tajik душман (dušman), Turkmen duşman, Urdu دشمن (duśman), Uyghur دۈشمەن (düshmen), Uzbek dushman, Zazaki dişmen).
Noun[edit]
دشمن • (düşmen)
Descendants[edit]
Persian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *men- (“mind”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): [doʃˈmæn]
Noun[edit]
Dari Persian | دشمن |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | душман (dušman) |
دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))
Inflection[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
bare | دشمن (došmán) |
دشمنها (došman-hấ) دشمنا△ (došmanấ) |
definitive direct object | دشمن را (došmán râ) دشمن رو△ (došmáno) |
دشمنها را (došman-hấ râ) دشمنا رو△ (došmanấ ro) |
ezâfé | دشمن (došmán-e) |
دشمنهای (došman-hấ-ye) دشمنای△ (došmanấ-ye) |
marked indefinite or relative definite |
دشمنی (došmán-i) |
دشمنهایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i) دشمنایی△ (došmanấi) |
△ Colloquial. |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular (“my”) |
دشمنم (došmánam) |
دشمنهایم (došman-hấyam) دشمنهام، دشمنام△ (došmanấm) |
2nd person singular (“your”) |
دشمنت (došmánat) △ (došmánet) |
دشمنهایت (došman-hấyat) دشمنهات، دشمنات△ (došmanất) |
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
دشمنش (došmánaš) △ (došmáneš) |
دشمنهایش (došman-hấyaš) دشمنهاش، دشمناش△ (došmanấš) |
1st person plural (“our”) |
دشمنمان (došmánemân) دشمنمون△ (došmánemun) |
دشمنهایمان (došman-hấyemân) دشمنهامون، دشمنامون△ (došmanấmun) |
2nd person plural (“your”) |
دشمنتان (došmánetân) دشمنتون△ (došmánetun) |
دشمنهایتان (došman-hấyetân) دشمنهاتون، دشمناتون△ (došmanấtun) |
3rd person plural (“their”) |
دشمنشان (došmánešân) دشمنشون△ (došmánešun) |
دشمنهایشان (došman-hấyešân) دشمنهاشون، دشمناشون△ (došmanấšun) |
△ Colloquial. |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
1st person (“I am/we are”) |
دشمنم (došmánam) |
دشمنیم (došmánim) |
2nd person (“you are”) |
دشمنی (došmáni) |
دشمنید (došmánid) دشمنین△ (došmánin) |
3rd person (“he, she, it is/they are”) |
دشمن است (došmán ast) دشمنه△ (došmáne) |
دشمنند (došmánand) دشمنن△ (došmánan) |
△ Colloquial. |
Antonyms[edit]
- دوست (dust)
Derived terms[edit]
- دشمنی (došmani)
Borrowed terms[edit]
- Armenian: թշնամի (tʿšnami)
- Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)
- Avar: тушман (tušman)
- Azeri: дүшмән / düşmən
- Bashkir: дошман (došman)
- Bengali: দুশমন (duśmôn)
- Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
- Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
- Erzya: душман
- Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
- Kazakh: дұшпан (duşpan)
- Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
- Moksha: душман (dušman)
- Old Tati:
- Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)
- Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)
- Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
- Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
- Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
- Romani: dušman
- Russian: душма́н (dušmán)
- Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)
- Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)
- Syriac/Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܷܙ̰ܡܷܢ, (dižmin), ܕܫܡܢ,
- Turkmen: душман / duşman
- Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
- Urdu: دشمن (duśman)
- Uzbek: душман / dushman
References[edit]
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973) , “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192
Urdu[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
دُشْمَن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)
Related terms[edit]
- دشمنی (duśmanī)
Declension[edit]
Declension of دشمن | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | دُشمن (duśman) | دُشمن (duśman) |
oblique | دُشمن (duśman) | دُشمنوں (duśmanō̃) |
vocative | دُشمن (duśman) | دُشمنو (duśmanō) |
References[edit]
- S. W. Fallon (1879) , “دشمن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- “دشمن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Platts, John T. (1884) , “دشمن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & co.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) , “دشمن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary (in Urdu), Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- “دشمن”, in Rekhta Urdu Dictionary (in Urdu), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2021.
- John Shakespear (1834) , “دشمن”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani., 3rd edition, London
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