पवस्त

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Sanskrit[edit]

Alternative scripts[edit]

Alternative scripts

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawástam (“covering, envelope”), which most likely traces back to a combination of *pa- +‎ *was-ta-, the former component from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (compare अप (apa, “away, back; down”)), and the latter from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to dress”) (compare वस्ते (vaste, “to put on, invest, wear”)). The form of the former component as प-, rather than the expected अप-, is explained as a preserved archaism from Old Indo-Aryan; a direct borrowing from Iranian, in this case, is much less likely.[1][2]

Alternatively, Cheung connects the word to Proto-Iranian *paus- (“to dress, clothe, cover”) (whence Persian پوشیدن (pušidan, “to wear clothes”)), deriving both from an unidentified substrate.[3] This is less likely, considering the word's Vedic presence and existence of a plausible Indo-Iranian etymology.

Compare पुस्तक (pustaka), a borrowing from Middle Iranian, as well as Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (p-a-v-s-t-a /⁠pavastā⁠/, “thin clay envelope”), whence Persian پوست (pust, “hide”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

पवस्त • (pavásta) stem, n

  1. a covering, garment
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.27.7:
      अभूर्वौक्षीर्व्यु आयुरानड्दर्षन्नु पूर्वो अपरो नु दर्षत् ।
      द्वे पवस्ते परि तं न भूतो यो अस्य पारे रजसो विवेष ॥
      abhūrvaukṣīrvyu āyurānaḍdarṣannu pūrvo aparo nu darṣat.
      dve pavaste pari taṃ na bhūto yo asya pāre rajaso viveṣa.
      Thou wast, thou grewest to full vital vigour: an earlier saw, a later one shall see thee.
      Two canopies, as ’twere, are round about him who reacheth to the limit of this region.
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 4.7.6:
      पवस्तैस्त्वा पर्यक्रीणन् दूर्शेभिरजिनैरुत ।
      प्रक्रीरसि त्वमोषधेऽभ्रिखाते न रूरुपः ॥
      pavastaistvā paryakrīṇan dūrśebhirajinairuta.
      prakrīrasi tvamoṣadheʼbhrikhāte na rūrupaḥ.
      For coverings men have bartered thee, for skins of deer and woven cloths.
      Thou art a thing of sale, O Plant. Dug up with mattocks, gripe not thou!

Declension[edit]

Neuter a-stem declension of पवस्त (pavásta)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative पवस्तम्
pavástam 		पवस्ते
paváste 		पवस्तानि / पवस्ता¹
pavástāni / pavástā¹
Vocative पवस्त
pávasta 		पवस्ते
pávaste 		पवस्तानि / पवस्ता¹
pávastāni / pávastā¹
Accusative पवस्तम्
pavástam 		पवस्ते
paváste 		पवस्तानि / पवस्ता¹
pavástāni / pavástā¹
Instrumental पवस्तेन
pavástena 		पवस्ताभ्याम्
pavástābhyām 		पवस्तैः / पवस्तेभिः¹
pavástaiḥ / pavástebhiḥ¹
Dative पवस्ताय
pavástāya 		पवस्ताभ्याम्
pavástābhyām 		पवस्तेभ्यः
pavástebhyaḥ
Ablative पवस्तात्
pavástāt 		पवस्ताभ्याम्
pavástābhyām 		पवस्तेभ्यः
pavástebhyaḥ
Genitive पवस्तस्य
pavástasya 		पवस्तयोः
pavástayoḥ 		पवस्तानाम्
pavástānām
Locative पवस्ते
paváste 		पवस्तयोः
pavástayoḥ 		पवस्तेषु
pavásteṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants[edit]

  • Pali: potthaka (with Middle Indo-Aryan -ka-)
  • Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (pŏttha)
  • Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (pŏtthaya) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -ka-)
    • Sindhi: پوٿو (potho, “lump of rag for smearing”)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 105
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 238
  3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 303
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