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पवस्त

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawástam (“covering, envelope”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (p-a-v-s-t-a /⁠pavastā⁠/, “thin clay envelope”), whence Persian پوست (pōst, “hide”). Also compare पुस्तक (pustaka, “book”), a borrowing from Middle Iranian. The Indo-Iranian word most likely traces back to a combination of *pa-was-ta-, the former component from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (compare अप (apa, “away, back; down”)), and the latter from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to dress”) (compare वस्ते (vaste, “to put on, invest, wear”)). The form of the former component as प- (pa-), rather than the expected अप- (apa-), is explained as a preserved archaism from Old Indo-Aryan.[1][2]

Alternatively, Cheung connects the word to Proto-Iranian *paus- (“to dress, clothe, cover”) (whence Persian پوشیدن (pōšidan, “to wear clothes”)), deriving both from an unidentified substrate.[3] This is less likely, considering the word's Vedic presence and existence of a plausible Indo-Iranian etymology.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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प॒वस्त॑ • (pavásta) stem, n

  1. a covering, garment
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.27.7:
      अभू॒र् व् औक्षी॒र् व्य् उ१॒॑ आयु॑र् आन॒ड् दर्ष॒न् नु पूर्वो॒ अप॑रो॒ नु द॑र्षत् ।
      द्वे प॒वस्ते॒ परि॒ तं न भू॑तो॒ यो अ॒स्य पा॒रे रज॑सो वि॒वेष॑ ॥
      ábhūr v áukṣīr vy ù ā́yur ānaḍ dárṣan nú pū́rvo áparo nú darṣat.
      dvé paváste pári táṃ ná bhūto yó asyá pāré rájaso vivéṣa.
      You have risen up, you have grown, you have attained the full span of life. Soon shall the foremost one scatter; soon shall the subsequent one scatter.
      The two canopies do not encompass him who has labored at the other end of this world.
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 4.7.6:
      प॒वस्तै॑स् त्वा॒ पर्य् अ॑क्रीणन् दू॒र्शेभि॑र् अ॒जिनै॑र् उ॒त ।
      प्र॒क्रीर् अ॑सि॒ त्वम् ओ॑ष॒धे ऽभ्रि॑खाते॒ न रू॑रुपः ॥
      pavástais tvā páry akrīṇan dūrśébhir ajínair utá.
      prakrī́r asi tvám oṣadhé ʼbhrikhāte ná rūrupaḥ.
      [People] have traded you for garments, woven cloths, and deer-skins.
      O Plant, dug up with a pickaxe, you are a thing of sale; do not cause us harm!

Declension

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Neuter a-stem declension of प॒वस्त॑
singular dual plural
nominative प॒वस्त॑म् (pavástam) प॒वस्ते॑ (paváste) प॒वस्ता॑नि (pavástāni)
प॒वस्ता॑¹ (pavástā¹)
accusative प॒वस्त॑म् (pavástam) प॒वस्ते॑ (paváste) प॒वस्ता॑नि (pavástāni)
प॒वस्ता॑¹ (pavástā¹)
instrumental प॒वस्ते॑न (pavástena) प॒वस्ता॑भ्याम् (pavástābhyām) प॒वस्तैः॑ (pavástaiḥ)
प॒वस्ते॑भिः¹ (pavástebhiḥ¹)
dative प॒वस्ता॑य (pavástāya) प॒वस्ता॑भ्याम् (pavástābhyām) प॒वस्ते॑भ्यः (pavástebhyaḥ)
ablative प॒वस्ता॑त् (pavástāt) प॒वस्ता॑भ्याम् (pavástābhyām) प॒वस्ते॑भ्यः (pavástebhyaḥ)
genitive प॒वस्त॑स्य (pavástasya) प॒वस्त॑योः (pavástayoḥ) प॒वस्ता॑नाम् (pavástānām)
locative प॒वस्ते॑ (paváste) प॒वस्त॑योः (pavástayoḥ) प॒वस्ते॑षु (pavásteṣu)
vocative पव॑स्त (pávasta) पव॑स्ते (pávaste) पव॑स्तानि (pávastāni)
पव॑स्ता¹ (pávastā¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

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  • Pali: potthaka (with Middle Indo-Aryan -ka-)
  • Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (pŏttha)
  • Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (pŏtthaya) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -ka-)
    • Sindhi: پوٿو (potho, “lump of rag for smearing”)

References

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  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “pavásta-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 105
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963), “pavástam”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 238
  3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*paus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 303

Further reading

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