मूर्ख

Hindi

Alternative forms

• मूरख (mūrakh)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkha).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /muːɾkʰ/

Adjective

मूर्ख • (mūrkh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling مورکھ)

1. stupid, dumb, foolish, idiotic

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:मूर्ख

   वह बहुत मूर्ख लगता है। ― vah bahut mūrkh lagtā hai. ― He looks very foolish.

Noun

मूर्ख • (mūrkh) m (Urdu spelling مورکھ)

1. fool, idiot, dimwit, moron, dunce, simpleton

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:मूर्ख

   वह मुझे हमेशा मूर्ख कहती है।

   vah mujhe hameśā mūrkh kahtī hai.

   She always calls me a fool.

Declension

Declension of मूर्ख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मूर्ख mūrkh	मूर्ख mūrkh
oblique	मूर्ख mūrkh	मूर्खों mūrkhõ
vocative	मूर्ख mūrkh	मूर्खो mūrkho

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “मूर्ख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muɾ.kʰə/

Adjective

मूर्ख • (mūrkha) (indeclinable)

1. stupid, foolish, dumb, asinine
2. unlearned, unwise, ignorant
3. dense, thickheaded
4. goofy, dopey

Synonyms

• मंद (manda)
• मठ्ठ (maṭhṭha)
• भोळा (bhoḷā)
• नादान (nādān)

Noun

मूर्ख • (mūrkha) m

1. fool, idiot, moron, dimwit

Declension

Declension of मूर्ख (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	मूर्ख mūrkh
direct plural	मूर्ख mūrkh
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	मूर्ख mūrkh		मूर्ख mūrkh
oblique सामान्यरूप	मूर्खा mūrkhā		मूर्खां- mūrkhān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	मूर्खाला mūrkhālā		मूर्खांना mūrkhānnā
ergative	मूर्खाने, मूर्खानं mūrkhāne, mūrkhāna		मूर्खांनी mūrkhānnī
instrumental	मूर्खाशी mūrkhāśī		मूर्खांशी mūrkhānśī
locative सप्तमी	मूर्खात mūrkhāt		मूर्खांत mūrkhāt
vocative संबोधन	मूर्खा mūrkhā		मूर्खांनो mūrkhānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of मूर्ख (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	मूर्खाचा mūrkhāċā	मूर्खाचे mūrkhāċe	मूर्खाची mūrkhācī	मूर्खाच्या mūrkhācā	मूर्खाचे, मूर्खाचं mūrkhāċe, mūrkhāċa	मूर्खाची mūrkhācī	मूर्खाच्या mūrkhācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	मूर्खांचा mūrkhānċā	मूर्खांचे mūrkhānċe	मूर्खांची mūrkhāñcī	मूर्खांच्या mūrkhāncā	मूर्खांचे, मूर्खांचं mūrkhānċe, mūrkhānċa	मूर्खांची mūrkhāñcī	मूर्खांच्या mūrkhāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Synonyms

• अर्धवट (ardhavaṭ)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “मूर्ख”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “मूर्ख”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• মূৰ্খ (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬹᬃᬔ (Balinese script)
• মূর্খ (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀔 (Brahmi script)
• မူရ်္ခ (Burmese script)
• મૂર્ખ (Gujarati script)
• ਮੂਰ੍ਖ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌖 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦹꦂꦑ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂎 (Kaithi script)
• ಮೂರ್ಖ (Kannada script)
• មូខ៌ (Khmer script)
• ມູຣ຺ຂ (Lao script)
• മൂര്ഖ (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᡠᡠᡵᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘏 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠤᠤᠷᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧕𑧈𑧠𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐏 (Newa script)
• ମୂର୍ଖ (Odia script)
• ꢪꢹꢬ꣄ꢓ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆒 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖏 (Siddham script)
• මූර්‍ඛ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩝 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚋 (Takri script)
• மூர்க² (Tamil script)
• మూర్ఖ (Telugu script)
• มูรฺข (Thai script)
• མཱུ་རྑ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably a formation from मूर्छ् (mūrch, “to congeal; to grow stiff and senseless”), by analogy with formations like शोक (śoka, “flame, sorrow”) from शुच् (śuc, “to shine, glow”), with semantic influence from मूर (mūra, “foolish, stupid”). Alternative derivations from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-k- (“to grind, crush”), whence Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”), Old Irish malcad (“rottenness”), Lithuanian mùlkis (“fool, dummy”)) are doubtful.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /muːɾ.kʰɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /muːɾ.kʰɐ/

Adjective

मू॒र्ख • (mūrkhá) stem

1. foolish, silly, stupid, idiotic
2. inexperienced, dull

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मू॒र्ख

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मू॒र्खः (mūrkháḥ)	मू॒र्खौ (mūrkháu) मू॒र्खा¹ (mūrkhā́¹)	मू॒र्खाः (mūrkhā́ḥ) मू॒र्खासः॑¹ (mūrkhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	मू॒र्खम् (mūrkhám)	मू॒र्खौ (mūrkháu) मू॒र्खा¹ (mūrkhā́¹)	मू॒र्खान् (mūrkhā́n)
instrumental	मू॒र्खेण॑ (mūrkhéṇa)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खैः (mūrkháiḥ) मू॒र्खेभिः॑¹ (mūrkhébhiḥ¹)
dative	मू॒र्खाय॑ (mūrkhā́ya)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खेभ्यः॑ (mūrkhébhyaḥ)
ablative	मू॒र्खात् (mūrkhā́t)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खेभ्यः॑ (mūrkhébhyaḥ)
genitive	मू॒र्खस्य॑ (mūrkhásya)	मू॒र्खयोः॑ (mūrkháyoḥ)	मू॒र्खाणा॑म् (mūrkhā́ṇām)
locative	मू॒र्खे (mūrkhé)	मू॒र्खयोः॑ (mūrkháyoḥ)	मू॒र्खेषु॑ (mūrkhéṣu)
vocative	मूर्ख॑ (mū́rkha)	मूर्खौ॑ (mū́rkhau) मूर्खा॑¹ (mū́rkhā¹)	मूर्खाः॑ (mū́rkhāḥ) मूर्खा॑सः¹ (mū́rkhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of मू॒र्खा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मू॒र्खा (mūrkhā́)	मू॒र्खे (mūrkhé)	मू॒र्खाः (mūrkhā́ḥ)
accusative	मू॒र्खाम् (mūrkhā́m)	मू॒र्खे (mūrkhé)	मू॒र्खाः (mūrkhā́ḥ)
instrumental	मू॒र्खया॑ (mūrkháyā) मू॒र्खा¹ (mūrkhā́¹)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खाभिः॑ (mūrkhā́bhiḥ)
dative	मू॒र्खायै॑ (mūrkhā́yai)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खाभ्यः॑ (mūrkhā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	मू॒र्खायाः॑ (mūrkhā́yāḥ) मू॒र्खायै॑² (mūrkhā́yai²)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खाभ्यः॑ (mūrkhā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	मू॒र्खायाः॑ (mūrkhā́yāḥ) मू॒र्खायै॑² (mūrkhā́yai²)	मू॒र्खयोः॑ (mūrkháyoḥ)	मू॒र्खाणा॑म् (mūrkhā́ṇām)
locative	मू॒र्खाया॑म् (mūrkhā́yām)	मू॒र्खयोः॑ (mūrkháyoḥ)	मू॒र्खासु॑ (mūrkhā́su)
vocative	मूर्खे॑ (mū́rkhe)	मूर्खे॑ (mū́rkhe)	मूर्खाः॑ (mū́rkhāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मू॒र्ख

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मू॒र्खम् (mūrkhám)	मू॒र्खे (mūrkhé)	मू॒र्खाणि॑ (mūrkhā́ṇi) मू॒र्खा¹ (mūrkhā́¹)
accusative	मू॒र्खम् (mūrkhám)	मू॒र्खे (mūrkhé)	मू॒र्खाणि॑ (mūrkhā́ṇi) मू॒र्खा¹ (mūrkhā́¹)
instrumental	मू॒र्खेण॑ (mūrkhéṇa)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खैः (mūrkháiḥ) मू॒र्खेभिः॑¹ (mūrkhébhiḥ¹)
dative	मू॒र्खाय॑ (mūrkhā́ya)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खेभ्यः॑ (mūrkhébhyaḥ)
ablative	मू॒र्खात् (mūrkhā́t)	मू॒र्खाभ्या॑म् (mūrkhā́bhyām)	मू॒र्खेभ्यः॑ (mūrkhébhyaḥ)
genitive	मू॒र्खस्य॑ (mūrkhásya)	मू॒र्खयोः॑ (mūrkháyoḥ)	मू॒र्खाणा॑म् (mūrkhā́ṇām)
locative	मू॒र्खे (mūrkhé)	मू॒र्खयोः॑ (mūrkháyoḥ)	मू॒र्खेषु॑ (mūrkhéṣu)
vocative	मूर्ख॑ (mū́rkha)	मूर्खे॑ (mū́rkhe)	मूर्खा॑णि (mū́rkhāṇi) मूर्खा॑¹ (mū́rkhā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

मूर्ख • (mūrkha) stem, m

1. fool, idiot, blockhead (Bhartṛ.)
2. a species of mung bean native to the Indian Subcontinent, Vigna radiata, green gram

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मूर्ख

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ)	मूर्खौ (mūrkhau)	मूर्खाः (mūrkhāḥ)
accusative	मूर्खम् (mūrkham)	मूर्खौ (mūrkhau)	मूर्खान् (mūrkhān)
instrumental	मूर्खेण (mūrkheṇa)	मूर्खाभ्याम् (mūrkhābhyām)	मूर्खैः (mūrkhaiḥ)
dative	मूर्खाय (mūrkhāya)	मूर्खाभ्याम् (mūrkhābhyām)	मूर्खेभ्यः (mūrkhebhyaḥ)
ablative	मूर्खात् (mūrkhāt)	मूर्खाभ्याम् (mūrkhābhyām)	मूर्खेभ्यः (mūrkhebhyaḥ)
genitive	मूर्खस्य (mūrkhasya)	मूर्खयोः (mūrkhayoḥ)	मूर्खाणाम् (mūrkhāṇām)
locative	मूर्खे (mūrkhe)	मूर्खयोः (mūrkhayoḥ)	मूर्खेषु (mūrkheṣu)
vocative	मूर्ख (mūrkha)	मूर्खौ (mūrkhau)	मूर्खाः (mūrkhāḥ)

Descendants

• → Bengali: মূর্খ (murkho)
• → Hindi: मूर्ख (mūrkh)
• → Old Javanese: mūrkha
  • Javanese: murka
  • → Balinese: murka
  • → Malay: murka
    • Indonesian: murka
• → Malayalam: മൂർഖൻ (mūṟkhaṉ)
• → Marathi: मूर्ख (mūrkha)
• → Nepali: मूर्ख (mūrkha)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਮੂਰਖ (mūrakh)

  Shahmukhi script: مورکھ (mūrakh)

• → Tamil: மூர்க்கம் (mūrkkam), மூர்க்கன் (mūrkkaṉ)
• → Telugu: మూర్ఖుడు (mūrkhuḍu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “मूर्ख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 823, column 3.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “mūrkha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 367