विंशति

Sanskrit

**Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)**
← 10	^{[a], [b], [c]} ← 19	२० 20	21 →	30 →
		2
Cardinal: विंशति (viṃśati) Ordinal: विंश (viṃśa), विंशतितम (viṃśatitama) Multiplier: विंशतिधा (viṃśatidhā)

Alternative scripts

ৱিংশতি (Assamese script)
ᬯᬶᬂᬰᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
বিংশতি (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰰𑰽𑰫𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀰𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဝိံၐတိ (Burmese script)
વિંશતિ (Gujarati script)
ਵਿਂਸ਼ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑌿𑌂𑌶𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦶꦁꦯꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑂱𑂁𑂬𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ವಿಂಶತಿ (Kannada script)
វិំឝតិ (Khmer script)
ວິໍຨຕິ (Lao script)
വിംശതി (Malayalam script)
ᢀ᠋ᠸᡳᡧᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘱𑘽𑘫𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢀ᠋ᠸᠢᠱᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧒𑧞𑧋𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐶𑑄𑐱𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଵିଂଶତି (Odia script)
ꢮꢶꢀꢯꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆴𑆁𑆯𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖰𑖽𑖫𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
විංශති (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩑𑪖𑩿𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚮𑚫𑚧𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
விஂஶதி (Tamil script)
వింశతి (Telugu script)
วิํศติ (Thai script)
ཝིཾ་ཤ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒱𑓀𑒬𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨁𑨸𑨮𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dwih₁ḱm̥ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati

Sanskrit विं॒श॒ति

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, from *dwih₁ḱm̥ti (“two-ten”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīsaⁱti), Persian (bist), Old Armenian քսան (kʻsan), Latin vīgintī, Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi).

Pronunciation

(Rigveda) IPA^(key): /ʋim.ɕɐ.tí/
(Yajurveda chanting) IPA^(key): /ʋi.ɡm̩.ɕɐ.t̪í/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋĩ.ɕɐ.t̪i/

Numeral

विं॒श॒ति • (viṃśatí) stem, f

twenty, a score (with a noun either in genitive or in apposition, e.g.)
विंशतिर् घटानाम् ― viṃśatir ghaṭānām ― 20 jars

विंशत्या हरिभिः ― viṃśatyā haribhiḥ ― with 20 horses
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.164.11:
  द्वाद॑शारं न॒हि तज्जरा॑य॒ वर्व॑र्ति च॒क्रं परि॒ द्यामृ॒तस्य॑।
  आ पु॒त्रा अ॑ग्ने मिथु॒नासो॒ अत्र॑ स॒प्त श॒तानि॑ विंश॒तिश्च॑ तस्थुः॥
  dvā́daśāraṃ nahí tájjárāya várvarti cakráṃ pári dyā́mṛtásya.
  ā́ putrā́ agne mithunā́so átra saptá śatā́ni viṃśatíśca tasthuḥ.
  Formed with twelve spokes, by length of time, unweakened, rolls round the heaven this wheel of during Order.
  Herein established, joined in pairs together, seven hundred sons and twenty stand, O Agni.

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of विं॒श॒ति
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	विं॒श॒तिः (viṃśatíḥ)	विं॒श॒ती (viṃśatī́)	विं॒श॒तयः॑ (viṃśatáyaḥ)
accusative	विं॒श॒तिम् (viṃśatím)	विं॒श॒ती (viṃśatī́)	विं॒श॒तीः (viṃśatī́ḥ)
instrumental	विं॒श॒त्या (viṃśatyā́) विं॒श॒ती¹ (viṃśatī́¹)	विं॒श॒तिभ्या॑म् (viṃśatíbhyām)	विं॒श॒तिभिः॑ (viṃśatíbhiḥ)
dative	विं॒श॒तये॑ (viṃśatáye) विं॒श॒त्यै² (viṃśatyái²) विं॒श॒ती¹ (viṃśatī́¹)	विं॒श॒तिभ्या॑म् (viṃśatíbhyām)	विं॒श॒तिभ्यः॑ (viṃśatíbhyaḥ)
ablative	विं॒श॒तेः (viṃśatéḥ) विं॒श॒त्याः² (viṃśatyā́ḥ²) विं॒श॒त्यै³ (viṃśatyái³)	विं॒श॒तिभ्या॑म् (viṃśatíbhyām)	विं॒श॒तिभ्यः॑ (viṃśatíbhyaḥ)
genitive	विं॒श॒तेः (viṃśatéḥ) विं॒श॒त्याः² (viṃśatyā́ḥ²) विं॒श॒त्यै³ (viṃśatyái³)	विं॒श॒त्योः (viṃśatyóḥ)	विं॒श॒ती॒नाम् (viṃśatīnā́m)
locative	विं॒श॒तौ (viṃśatáu) विं॒श॒त्याम्² (viṃśatyā́m²) विं॒श॒ता¹ (viṃśatā́¹)	विं॒श॒त्योः (viṃśatyóḥ)	विं॒श॒तिषु॑ (viṃśatíṣu)
vocative	विंश॑ते (víṃśate)	विंश॑ती (víṃśatī)	विंश॑तयः (víṃśatayaḥ)

¹Vedic
²Later Sanskrit
³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀢𑀺 (vīsati)
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀲 (vīsa), 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀤𑀺 (vīsadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀇 (vīsaï) — Ardhamāgadhī, Māgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī (see there for further descendants)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri: وُہ (vuh)
Pali: vīsati

References

Monier Williams (1899), “विंशति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 953, column 2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 550-551
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “viṃśatí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 677
Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “viṃśati”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.