स्थूल

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्थूल (sthūla). Doublet of ठुल्ला (ṭhullā).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /st̪ʰuːl/

Adjective

स्थूल • (sthūl) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling سْتھُول)

bulky, large, fat
Synonym: मोटा (moṭā)
thick, dense
Synonyms: घना (ghanā), गाढ़ा (gāṛhā)
(philosophy) tangible, outwardly-visible
Antonym: सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma)

स्थूल सत्य ― sthūl satya ― tangible truth
gross, rough, approximate
स्थूल आय ― sthūl āy ― gross income

स्थूल रूप से ― sthūl rūp se ― roughly, approximately

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “स्थूल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1046
Bahri, Hardev (1989), “स्थूल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 682.

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 25 September 2024

Alternative scripts

স্থূল (Assamese script)
ᬲ᭄ᬣᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
স্থূল (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰿𑰞𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑁆𑀣𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
သ္ထူလ (Burmese script)
સ્થૂલ (Gujarati script)
ਸ੍ਥੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑍍𑌥𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦱ꧀ꦡꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂹𑂟𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಸ್ಥೂಲ (Kannada script)
ស្ថូល (Khmer script)
ສ຺ຖູລ (Lao script)
സ്ഥൂല (Malayalam script)
ᠰᡨᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘿𑘞𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠰᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧠𑦾𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
ସ୍ଥୂଲ (Odia script)
ꢱ꣄ꢢꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑇀𑆡𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖿𑖞𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
ස‍්ථූල (Sinhalese script)
𑪁 𑪙𑩬𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚶𑚚𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
ஸ்தூ²ல (Tamil script)
స్థూల (Telugu script)
สฺถูล (Thai script)
སྠཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑓂𑒟𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑩇𑨚𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Variant of स्थूर (sthūrá); see there for more. The Sanskrit root is स्था (sthā, “to stand, to be firm”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /stʰuː.lɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪t̪ʰuː.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

स्थू॒ल • (sthūlá) stem

large, stout, bulky, fat
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 3.68.32:
  रामो ऽथ सहसौमित्रिर् वनं गत्वा स वीर्यवान् ।
  स्थूलान् हत्वा महारोहीन् अनु तस्तार तं द्विजम् ॥
  rāmo ʼtha sahasaumitrir vanaṃ gatvā sa vīryavān.
  sthūlān hatvā mahārohīn anu tastāra taṃ dvijam.
  Thus Rāma, the powerful one, after going into forest along with Laksmana, hunted a fat big deer, and then he spread the bird Jaṭāyu [to make an offering to him].
- Rasaratnākara 7.1:
  वीर्यं स्थिरं योनिमुखेषु येषां स्थूलं दृढं दीर्घतमं च लिङ्गम् ।
  तेषां प्रगल्भाः प्रमदाश् च सर्वा भवन्ति तृप्ताः सुरतप्रसङ्गे ॥
  vīryaṃ sthiraṃ yonimukheṣu yeṣāṃ sthūlaṃ dṛḍhaṃ dīrghatamaṃ ca liṅgam.
  teṣāṃ pragalbhāḥ pramadāś ca sarvā bhavanti tṛptāḥ surataprasaṅge.
  The seed of the ones with a strong, stout and long penis reaches the mouth of the womb.
  All proud and wanton females are satisfied with them during copulation.
dense, thick
Synonym: गाढ (gāḍha)
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.8.28:
  आस्तेयीश्च वास्तेयीश्च त्वरणाः कृपणाश्च याः ।
  गुह्याः शुक्रा स्थूला अपस्ता बीभत्सावसादयन् ॥
  āsteyīśca vāsteyīśca tvaraṇāḥ kṛpaṇāśca yāḥ.
  guhyāḥ śukrā sthūlā apastā bībhatsāvasādayan.
  They laid in the abhorrent frame those waters hidden, bright, and thick,
  Which in the bowels spring from blood, from mourning or from hasty toil.
dull, stupid, ignorant
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
gross, rough, approximate
यथास्थूलम् ― yathāsthūlam ― roughly
(philosophy) tangible, outwardly-visible
Antonym: सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स्थू॒ल
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	स्थू॒लः (sthūláḥ)	स्थू॒लौ (sthūláu) स्थू॒ला¹ (sthūlā́¹)	स्थू॒लाः (sthūlā́ḥ) स्थू॒लासः॑¹ (sthūlā́saḥ¹)
accusative	स्थू॒लम् (sthūlám)	स्थू॒लौ (sthūláu) स्थू॒ला¹ (sthūlā́¹)	स्थू॒लान् (sthūlā́n)
instrumental	स्थू॒लेन॑ (sthūléna)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लैः (sthūláiḥ) स्थू॒लेभिः॑¹ (sthūlébhiḥ¹)
dative	स्थू॒लाय॑ (sthūlā́ya)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लेभ्यः॑ (sthūlébhyaḥ)
ablative	स्थू॒लात् (sthūlā́t)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लेभ्यः॑ (sthūlébhyaḥ)
genitive	स्थू॒लस्य॑ (sthūlásya)	स्थू॒लयोः॑ (sthūláyoḥ)	स्थू॒लाना॑म् (sthūlā́nām)
locative	स्थू॒ले (sthūlé)	स्थू॒लयोः॑ (sthūláyoḥ)	स्थू॒लेषु॑ (sthūléṣu)
vocative	स्थूल॑ (sthū́la)	स्थूलौ॑ (sthū́lau) स्थूला॑¹ (sthū́lā¹)	स्थूलाः॑ (sthū́lāḥ) स्थूला॑सः¹ (sthū́lāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of स्थू॒ला
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	स्थू॒ला (sthūlā́)	स्थू॒ले (sthūlé)	स्थू॒लाः (sthūlā́ḥ)
accusative	स्थू॒लाम् (sthūlā́m)	स्थू॒ले (sthūlé)	स्थू॒लाः (sthūlā́ḥ)
instrumental	स्थू॒लया॑ (sthūláyā) स्थू॒ला¹ (sthūlā́¹)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लाभिः॑ (sthūlā́bhiḥ)
dative	स्थू॒लायै॑ (sthūlā́yai)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लाभ्यः॑ (sthūlā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	स्थू॒लायाः॑ (sthūlā́yāḥ) स्थू॒लायै॑² (sthūlā́yai²)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लाभ्यः॑ (sthūlā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	स्थू॒लायाः॑ (sthūlā́yāḥ) स्थू॒लायै॑² (sthūlā́yai²)	स्थू॒लयोः॑ (sthūláyoḥ)	स्थू॒लाना॑म् (sthūlā́nām)
locative	स्थू॒लाया॑म् (sthūlā́yām)	स्थू॒लयोः॑ (sthūláyoḥ)	स्थू॒लासु॑ (sthūlā́su)
vocative	स्थूले॑ (sthū́le)	स्थूले॑ (sthū́le)	स्थूलाः॑ (sthū́lāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of स्थू॒ल
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	स्थू॒लम् (sthūlám)	स्थू॒ले (sthūlé)	स्थू॒लानि॑ (sthūlā́ni) स्थू॒ला¹ (sthūlā́¹)
accusative	स्थू॒लम् (sthūlám)	स्थू॒ले (sthūlé)	स्थू॒लानि॑ (sthūlā́ni) स्थू॒ला¹ (sthūlā́¹)
instrumental	स्थू॒लेन॑ (sthūléna)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लैः (sthūláiḥ) स्थू॒लेभिः॑¹ (sthūlébhiḥ¹)
dative	स्थू॒लाय॑ (sthūlā́ya)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लेभ्यः॑ (sthūlébhyaḥ)
ablative	स्थू॒लात् (sthūlā́t)	स्थू॒लाभ्या॑म् (sthūlā́bhyām)	स्थू॒लेभ्यः॑ (sthūlébhyaḥ)
genitive	स्थू॒लस्य॑ (sthūlásya)	स्थू॒लयोः॑ (sthūláyoḥ)	स्थू॒लाना॑म् (sthūlā́nām)
locative	स्थू॒ले (sthūlé)	स्थू॒लयोः॑ (sthūláyoḥ)	स्थू॒लेषु॑ (sthūléṣu)
vocative	स्थूल॑ (sthū́la)	स्थूले॑ (sthū́le)	स्थूला॑नि (sthū́lāni) स्थूला॑¹ (sthū́lā¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Khowar: تھُول (thūl, “fat”)
Pali: thūla, thulla
Prakrit: 𑀣𑀽𑀮 (thūla), 𑀣𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮 (thulla)
- Sindhic:
  - Kachchi:
    Khudabadi script: 𑋎𑋣𑋚𑋧 (thulo), 𑋎𑋤𑋚𑋧 (thūlo)
    
    Gujarati script: થુલો (thulo), થૂલો (thūlo)
  - Sindhi:
    Khudabadi script: 𑋎𑋣𑋚𑋪𑋞𑋧 (thulho)
    
    Devanagari script: थुल्हो (thulho)
    
    Arabic script: ٿُلهو (thulho)
→ Hindustani: (learned)
Hindi: स्थूल (sthūl)

Urdu: سْتھُول (sthūl)
→ Odia: ସ୍ଥୂଳ (sthuḷa) (learned)
→ Punjabi: (learned)
Gurmukhi script: ਸਥੂਲ (sathūl)

Shahmukhi script: سَتھُول (sathūl)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “स्थूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1266.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “sthūla”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “स्थूल”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1724
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “स्थूल”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 366
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sthūlá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 795