स्पृ

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

स्पर् (spar)

Alternative scripts

স্পৃ (Assamese script)
ᬲ᭄ᬧᬺ (Balinese script)
স্পৃ (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰿𑰢𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑁆𑀧𑀾 (Brahmi script)
သ္ပၖ (Burmese script)
સ્પૃ (Gujarati script)
ਸ੍ਪ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑍍𑌪𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦱ꧀ꦥꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂹𑂣𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ಸ್ಪೃ (Kannada script)
ស្ប្ឫ (Khmer script)
ສ຺ປ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
സ്പൃ (Malayalam script)
ᠰᢒᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘿𑘢𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠰᢒᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧠𑧂𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐺 (Newa script)
ସ୍ପୃ (Odia script)
ꢱ꣄ꢦꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑇀𑆥𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖿𑖢𑖴 (Siddham script)
ස‍්පෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑪁 𑪙𑩰𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚶𑚞 (Takri script)
ஸ்ப்ரி (Tamil script)
స్పృ (Telugu script)
สฺปฺฤ (Thai script)
སྤྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑓂𑒣𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑩇𑨞𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to release, rescue, deliver, secure”), and cognate with English spare (“to show mercy”); this is tentatively supported by Cheung, though viewed with skepticism by Mayrhofer.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Some separate the "win" senses from the "extricate" senses, and derive the former from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to make money”),^[4] connecting them with पण् (paṇ, “to barter”); however, this is uncertain.

Turner alternatively suggests the root to be an s-mobile extension of पृ (pṛ, “to bring”), with original meaning "to convey".^[5]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /spr̩/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪pr̩/

Root

स्पृ • (spṛ)

to release, extricate or deliver from
to save, gain, win
(causative स्पारयति (spārayati)) to attract to one's self, win
to preserve, save, rescue
to gladden, delight, gratify, bestow

Derived terms

Primary verbal forms

स्पृ॒णोति॑ (spṛṇóti, present)
स्परिष्यति (spariṣyati, future)
स्पर्ता (spartā, periphrastic future)
अस्पा॑र्षम् (áspārṣam, aorist)
पस्पार (paspāra, perfect)

Secondary forms

स्पा॒रय॑ति (spāráyati, causative)

Category Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्पृ not found

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root स्पृ (1 c, 0 e)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*spar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “spārhá- (> line 2 > SPṚ, s. SPAR.)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 775
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SPAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 773
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), “spṛṇóti”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 538
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “phirati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 510

Monier Williams (1899), “स्पृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1268, column 3.
William Dwight Whitney (1885), “spṛ”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 196
Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “स्पृ”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “स्पृ”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 579
Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 992

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*spar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “spārhá- (> line 2 > SPṚ, s. SPAR.)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 775

[EWAia-3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SPAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 773

[4] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), “spṛṇóti”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 538

[5] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “phirati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 510

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