स्फुटति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স্ফুটতি (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬨᬸᬝᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• স্ফুটতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰣𑰲𑰘𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀨𑀼𑀝𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• သ္ဖုဋတိ (Burmese script)
• સ્ફુટતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਫੁਟਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑍁𑌟𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦦꦸꦛꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂤𑂳𑂗𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ಫುಟತಿ (Kannada script)
• ស្ផុដតិ (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ຜຸຏຕິ (Lao script)
• സ്ഫുടതി (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡦᡠᢞᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘣𑘳𑘘𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠹᠤᢌᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧃𑧔𑦸𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐦𑐸𑐚𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଫୁଟତି (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢧꢸꢜꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆦𑆶𑆛𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖣𑖲𑖘𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්ඵුටති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩱𑩒𑩦𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚟𑚰𑚔𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• ஸ்பு²டதி (Tamil script)
• స్ఫుటతి (Telugu script)
• สฺผุฏติ (Thai script)
• སྥུ་ཊ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒤𑒳𑒙𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨟𑨃𑨔𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pʰel- or *(s)pel- (“to split”) with a *-t- extension. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”), Old English speld (“splinter”), English split.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spʰu.ʈɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪pʰu.ʈɐ.t̪i/

Verb

स्फुटति • (sphuṭati) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, root स्फुट्)

1. to burst, explode; to burst or split open (with a sound), to be rent asunder
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
2. to expand, bloom, blossom
3. (of fire) to crackle

Conjugation

Present: स्फुटति (sphuṭati), स्फुटते (sphuṭate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	स्फुटति sphuṭati	स्फुटतः sphuṭataḥ	स्फुटन्ति sphuṭanti	स्फुटते sphuṭate	स्फुटेते sphuṭete	स्फुटन्ते sphuṭante
Second	स्फुटसि sphuṭasi	स्फुटथः sphuṭathaḥ	स्फुटथ sphuṭatha	स्फुटसे sphuṭase	स्फुटेथे sphuṭethe	स्फुटध्वे sphuṭadhve
First	स्फुटामि sphuṭāmi	स्फुटावः sphuṭāvaḥ	स्फुटामः / स्फुटामसि¹ sphuṭāmaḥ / sphuṭāmasi¹	स्फुटे sphuṭe	स्फुटावहे sphuṭāvahe	स्फुटामहे sphuṭāmahe
Imperative
Third	स्फुटतु sphuṭatu	स्फुटताम् sphuṭatām	स्फुटन्तु sphuṭantu	स्फुटताम् sphuṭatām	स्फुटेताम् sphuṭetām	स्फुटन्ताम् sphuṭantām
Second	स्फुट sphuṭa	स्फुटतम् sphuṭatam	स्फुटत sphuṭata	स्फुटस्व sphuṭasva	स्फुटेथाम् sphuṭethām	स्फुटध्वम् sphuṭadhvam
First	स्फुटानि sphuṭāni	स्फुटाव sphuṭāva	स्फुटाम sphuṭāma	स्फुटै sphuṭai	स्फुटावहै sphuṭāvahai	स्फुटामहै sphuṭāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	स्फुटेत् sphuṭet	स्फुटेताम् sphuṭetām	स्फुटेयुः sphuṭeyuḥ	स्फुटेत sphuṭeta	स्फुटेयाताम् sphuṭeyātām	स्फुटेरन् sphuṭeran
Second	स्फुटेः sphuṭeḥ	स्फुटेतम् sphuṭetam	स्फुटेत sphuṭeta	स्फुटेथाः sphuṭethāḥ	स्फुटेयाथाम् sphuṭeyāthām	स्फुटेध्वम् sphuṭedhvam
First	स्फुटेयम् sphuṭeyam	स्फुटेव sphuṭeva	स्फुटेम sphuṭema	स्फुटेय sphuṭeya	स्फुटेवहि sphuṭevahi	स्फुटेमहि sphuṭemahi
Subjunctive
Third	स्फुटात् / स्फुटाति sphuṭāt / sphuṭāti	स्फुटातः sphuṭātaḥ	स्फुटान् sphuṭān	स्फुटाते / स्फुटातै sphuṭāte / sphuṭātai	स्फुटैते sphuṭaite	स्फुटन्त / स्फुटान्तै sphuṭanta / sphuṭāntai
Second	स्फुटाः / स्फुटासि sphuṭāḥ / sphuṭāsi	स्फुटाथः sphuṭāthaḥ	स्फुटाथ sphuṭātha	स्फुटासे / स्फुटासै sphuṭāse / sphuṭāsai	स्फुटैथे sphuṭaithe	स्फुटाध्वै sphuṭādhvai
First	स्फुटानि sphuṭāni	स्फुटाव sphuṭāva	स्फुटाम sphuṭāma	स्फुटै sphuṭai	स्फुटावहै sphuṭāvahai	स्फुटामहै sphuṭāmahai
Participles
	स्फुटत् sphuṭat			स्फुटमान sphuṭamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अस्फुटत् (asphuṭat), अस्फुटत (asphuṭata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अस्फुटत् asphuṭat	अस्फुटताम् asphuṭatām	अस्फुटन् asphuṭan	अस्फुटत asphuṭata	अस्फुटेताम् asphuṭetām	अस्फुटन्त asphuṭanta
Second	अस्फुटः asphuṭaḥ	अस्फुटतम् asphuṭatam	अस्फुटत asphuṭata	अस्फुटथाः asphuṭathāḥ	अस्फुटेथाम् asphuṭethām	अस्फुटध्वम् asphuṭadhvam
First	अस्फुटम् asphuṭam	अस्फुटाव asphuṭāva	अस्फुटाम asphuṭāma	अस्फुटे asphuṭe	अस्फुटावहि asphuṭāvahi	अस्फुटामहि asphuṭāmahi

Related terms

• स्फोटयति (sphoṭayati)
• स्फोट (sphoṭa)
• विस्फोट (visphoṭa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्फुटति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1269.
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्फुटति”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्फुटति”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 375
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 577
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0986”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0986