ਠੱਗਣਾ

Punjabi

Etymology

ਠੱਗ (ṭhagga) +‎ -ਣਾ (-ṇā), or derived directly from Proto-New Indo-Aryan 𑀞𑀕𑀺𑀬 (ṭhagiya). Cognate with Assamese ঠগ (thog) and Bengali ঠগ (ṭhog).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʈʰəɡːᵊɳaː]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

ਠੱਗਣਾ • (ṭhaggaṇā)

1. to cheat, deceive, inveigle, steal one's heart

Conjugation

Participles of ਠੱਗਣਾ (ṭhaggaṇā)

Stem		ਠੱਗ ṭhagga
Gerund
		Active		Passive
Direct case	Eastern Central	ਠੱਗਣਾ ṭhaggaṇā		ਠੱਗੀਜਣਾ, ਠੱਗੀਵਣਾ, ਠੱਗੀਣਾ ṭhaggījṇā, ṭhaggīvṇā, ṭhaggīṇā
	Western	ਠੱਗਣ ṭhaggaṇ		ਠੱਗੀਜਣ, ਠੱਗੀਵਣ, ਠੱਗੀਣ ṭhaggījaṇ, ṭhaggīvaṇ, ṭhaggīṇ
Oblique case
Ablative case		ਠੱਗਣੋਂ ṭhaggaṇõ		ਠੱਗੀਜਣੋਂ, ਠੱਗੀਵਣੋਂ, ਠੱਗੀਣੋਂ ṭhaggījṇõ, ṭhaggīvṇõ, ṭhaggīṇõ
Adverbials
Conjunctive		ਠੱਗ, ਠੱਗ ਕੇ ṭhagga, ṭhagga ke
Imperfective		ਠੱਗਦਿਆਂ ṭhaggadiā̃
Perfective		ਠੱਗਿਆਂ ṭhaggiā̃
Participles
		dir m s	m p obl m s	f s	f p
Infinitive Prospective		ਠੱਗਣਾ ṭhaggaṇā	ਠੱਗਣੇ ṭhaggaṇe	ਠੱਗਣੀ ṭhaggaṇī	ਠੱਗਣੀਆਂ ṭhaggaṇīā̃
Imperfective	Active	ਠੱਗਦਾ ṭhaggadā	ਠੱਗਦੇ ṭhaggade	ਠੱਗਦੀ ṭhaggadī	ਠੱਗਦੀਆਂ ṭhaggadīā̃
	Passive	ਠੱਗੀਦਾ ṭhaggīdā	ਠੱਗੀਦੇ ṭhaggīde	ਠੱਗੀਦੀ ṭhaggīdī	ਠੱਗੀਦੀਆਂ ṭhaggīdīā̃
Perfective		ਠੱਗਿਆ ṭhaggiā	ਠੱਗੇ ṭhagge	ਠੱਗੀ ṭhaggī	ਠੱਗੀਆਂ ṭhaggīā̃
Prospective Agentive		ਠੱਗਣ ਵਾਲ਼ਾ1 ṭhaggaṇ vāḷā1	ਠੱਗਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੇ1 ṭhaggaṇ vāḷe1	ਠੱਗਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ1 ṭhaggaṇ vāḷī1	ਠੱਗਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀਆਂ1 ṭhaggaṇ vāḷīā̃1
Adjectival	Imperfective	ਠੱਗਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ ṭhaggadā hoiā	ਠੱਗਦੇ ਹੋਏ ṭhaggade hoē	ਠੱਗਦੀ ਹੋਈ ṭhaggadī hoī	ਠੱਗਦੀਆਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ṭhaggadīā̃ hoīā̃
	Perfective	ਠੱਗਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ṭhaggiā hoiā	ਠੱਗੇ ਹੋਏ ṭhagge hoē	ਠੱਗੀ ਹੋਈ ṭhaggī hoī	ਠੱਗੀਆਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ṭhaggīā̃ hoīā̃
Impersonal passive (Western)		ਠੱਗੀਏ ṭhaggīē

¹The presence of the ਲ਼ (ḷa) phoneme can vary by dialect with ਲ (la).

Conjugation of ਠੱਗਣਾ (ṭhaggaṇā)

Non-Aspectual
Mood	Tense	Gender	Singular			Plural/Formal
			1st ਮੈਂ	2nd ਤੂੰ	3rd ਇਹ/ਉਹ	1st ਅਸੀਂ/ਅਸਾਂ	2nd ਤੁਸੀਂ/ਤੁਸਾਂ	3rd ਇਹ/ਉਹ/ਆਹ
Indicative	PRS	m	ਠੱਗਦਾ ṭhaggadā			ਠੱਗਦੇ ṭhaggade
		f	ਠੱਗਦੀ ṭhaggadī			ਠੱਗਦੀਆਂ ṭhaggadīā̃
	PST	m	ਠੱਗਿਆ ṭhaggiā			ਠੱਗੇ ṭhagge
		f	ਠੱਗੀ ṭhaggī			ਠੱਗੀਆਂ ṭhaggīā̃
	FUT (Western)	m f	ਠੱਗਸਾਂ, ਠੱਗਸੂੰ1 ṭhaggasā̃, ṭhaggasū̃1	ਠੱਗਸੇਂ ṭhaggasẽ	ਠੱਗਸੀ ṭhaggasī	ਠੱਗਸਾਂ ṭhaggasā̃	ਠੱਗਸੋ ṭhaggaso	ਠੱਗਸਣ ṭhaggasaṇ
	FUT (Eastern, Central)	m	ਠੱਗਾਂਗਾ, ਠੱਗੂੰਗਾ1 ṭhaggāṅgā, ṭhaggūṅgā1	ਠੱਗੇਂਗਾ ṭhaggeṅgā	ਠੱਗੇਗਾ ṭhaggegā	ਠੱਗਾਂਗੇ ṭhaggāṅge	ਠੱਗੋਗੇ ṭhaggoge	ਠੱਗਣਗੇ ṭhaggaṇge
		f	ਠੱਗਾਂਗੀ, ਠੱਗੂੰਗੀ1 ṭhaggāṅgī, ṭhaggūṅgī1	ਠੱਗੇਂਗੀ ṭhaggeṅgī	ਠੱਗੇਗੀ ṭhaggegī	ਠੱਗਾਂਗੀਆਂ ṭhaggāṅgīā̃	ਠੱਗੋਗੀਆਂ ṭhaggogīā̃	ਠੱਗਣਗੀਆਂ ṭhaggaṇgīā̃
Presumptive (Eastern, Central)	PRS PST FUT	m	ਠੱਗਾਂਗਾ3, ਠੱਗੂੰਗਾ1 ṭhaggāṅgā3, ṭhaggūṅgā1	ਠੱਗੇਂਗਾ3 ṭhaggeṅgā3	ਠੱਗੇਗਾ3 ṭhaggegā3	ਠੱਗਾਂਗੇ3 ṭhaggāṅge3	ਠੱਗੋਗੇ3 ṭhaggoge3	ਠੱਗਣਗੇ3 ṭhaggaṇge3
		f	ਠੱਗਾਂਗੀ3, ਠੱਗੂੰਗੀ1 ṭhaggāṅgī3, ṭhaggūṅgī1	ਠੱਗੇਂਗੀ3 ṭhaggeṅgī3	ਠੱਗੇਗੀ3 ṭhaggegī3	ਠੱਗਾਂਗੀਆਂ3 ṭhaggāṅgīā̃3	ਠੱਗੋਗੀਆਂ3 ṭhaggogīā̃3	ਠੱਗਣਗੀਆਂ3 ṭhaggaṇgīā̃3
Subjunctive	PRS FUT	m f	ਠੱਗਾਂ, ਠੱਗੂੰ1 ṭhaggā̃, ṭhaggū̃1	ਠੱਗੇਂ ṭhaggẽ	ਠੱਗੇ ṭhagge	ਠੱਗਾਂ ṭhaggā̃	ਠੱਗੋ ṭhaggo	ਠੱਗਣ ṭhaggaṇ
Contrafactual	PST	m	ਠੱਗਦਾ ṭhaggadā			ਠੱਗਦੇ ṭhaggade
		f	ਠੱਗਦੀ ṭhaggadī			ਠੱਗਦੀਆਂ ṭhaggadīā̃
Imperative	PRS	m f		ਠੱਗ2 ṭhagga2			ਠੱਗੋ2 ṭhaggo2
Jussive	PRS	m f		ਠੱਗੀਂ2 ṭhaggī̃2			ਠੱਗਿਓ2 ṭhaggio2
Aspectual
Imperfective	Inflection of imperfective participle ਠੱਗਦਾ (ṭhaggadā) + non-aspectual conjugation of ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā)
Perfective	Inflection of perfective participle ਠੱਗਿਆ (ṭhaggiā) + non-aspectual conjugation of ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā)
Progressive	(General) Inflection of imperfective participle ਠੱਗਦਾ (ṭhaggadā) + inflection of perfective participle ਪਿਆ (piā) + non-aspectual conjugation of ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā) (Eastern dialects) Stem ਠੱਗ (ṭhagga) + inflection of perfective participle ਰਿਹਾ (rihā) + non-aspectual conjugation of ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā)

¹Dialectal.
²Imperative and jussive moods are purely non-aspectual and cannot be conjugated for aspect like other moods.
³Presumptive mood is colloquial in non-aspectual conjugation.

References

• Singh, Bhai Maya (1895), “ਠੱਗਣਾ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons.