ᛅᚢᚴ

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• ᚢᚴ (uk), ᚮᚴ (ok)

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛅᚢᚴ (auk), from Proto-Germanic *auk (“also”). Cognate with Old English ēac, Old Frisian āk, Old Saxon ōk, Old High German ouh, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk).

Conjunction

ᛅᚢᚴ (ᴀuk) (Latin script auk)

1. and
   • 11th century Uppland Runic Inscription 80

     ×ᛅᚾᛏᚢᚽᛏᚱ×ᛅᚢᚴ᛭ᚴᚽᚱᚦᛅᚱ᛭ᛚᛁᛏᚢ×ᚱᛁᛋᛏᛅ×ᚱᚢᚾᛅᚱ×ᚦᛁᛋᛅ×ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ×ᛋᚢᛅᛁᚾ×ᚠᛅᚦᚢᚱᛋᛁᚾ×ᛅᚢᚴ×ᚴᛅᛏᛁᛚᚢᛁ×ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ×ᛒᚢᛅᚾᛏᛅᛋᛁᚾ᛭

     ×antuhtr×auk᛭khrþar᛭litu×rista×runar×þisa×iftiʀ×suain×faþursin×auk×katilui×iftiʀ×buantasin᛭

     Andvéttr and Gerðarr had these runes carved in memory of Sveinn, their father; and Ketilvé in memory of her husbandman.

Descendants

See auk § Descendants.

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Proto-Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *auk (“also”).

Conjunction

ᛅᚢᚴ (auk)

1. and
   • 6th c., inscription on the Skåäng Runestone:

     ᚺᚨᚱᛁᛃᚨᚼᛚᛖᚢᚷᚨᛉ
     ᛋᚴᛅᚾᛘᛅᛚᛋ ᛅᚢᚴ × ᚬᛚᛅᚢᚠ × ᚦᛅᚢ × ᛚᛁᛏᚢ × ᚴᛁᛅᚱᛅ × ᛘᛂᚱᚴᛁ × ᚦᛅᚢᛋᛁ × ᛂᚠᛏᛁᛦ × ᛋᚢᛅᛁᚾ × ᚠᛅᚦᚢᚱ × ᛋᛁᚾ × ᚴᚢᚦ × ᚼᛁᛅᛚᛒᛁ ᛋᛅᛚᚢ ᚼᛅᚾᛋ

     harija ÷ leugaz
     skanmals auk × olauf × þau × litu × kiara × merki × þausi × eftiʀ × suain × faþur × sin × kuþ × hialbi salu hans

     Harja, Leugaz
     Skammhals and Ólôf, they had these landmarks made in memory of Sveinn, their father. May God help his soul.

Descendants

• Old Norse: ᛅᚢᚴ (auk), ᚢᚴ (uk), ᚮᚴ (ok), auk, ok
  • Icelandic: auk, og
  • Faroese: og
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: au
  • Jamtish: og
  • Elfdalian: og
  • Old Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh
    • Swedish: och, ock
  • Old Danish: oc
    • Danish: og
      • Norwegian Bokmål: og
  • → Middle English: oc, ok
    • ⇒ Scots: okname, ockname